The formation of dry soluble substances in sweet cherry fruits under the influence of abiotic factors

Sweet cherry is one of the leading places among the fruit crops grown in Ukraine. This culture opens the fruit season for the consumption of fresh and high-vitamin fruit products. Zaporizhzhia region is considered one of the main regions of stable production of high quality sweet cherries, which are in unlimited demand in the domestic and global consumer market of fruit products. The article presents the influence share of weather factors and varieties features on the formation of dry soluble substances stock of sweet cherry fruits during 2008–2019 years. The fruits of 33 varieties samples were grown under of horticultural farms of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Three sweet cherry fruits ripening periods were selected for the research: the 1-st group – the early ripening periods varietie; the 2-nd group – the medium ripening period varieties; the 3rd group – the late ripening period varieties. The results of twelve-year studies indicate that the average dry soluble substances content in sweet cherry fruits grown in the region analyzed and it was 16.7 %. Among the group of the early ripening period varieties, the maximum average dry soluble substances content content of 16.8 % was found in Rubinova rannia variety fruits. Among the medium ripening period varieties, the maximum average dry soluble substances content content of 18.5–18.6 % was recorded in the fruits of the Talisman and Dachnytsia varieties, and the late ones – the fruits of the Udivitelna variety. The dominant influence of weather factors on the accumulation of the dry soluble substances content stock was confirmed by the results of the variance analysis. It was found that for all groups of varieties, irrespective of the ripening period, the weather conditions of the research years (factor A) had a dominant influence on the formation of the DSS stock with an influence share for the varieties of the early ripening period group – 74.5 %, of the medium ripening period group – 61.9 % and the late ripening period groups – 69.4 %. The impact of varieties features (factor B) was less significant. The two-factor variance analysis has determined the expediency of predicting the dry soluble substances content of sweet cherry fruits by the average values of a particular varieties group, and not separately for each pomological variety.