Halotolerant plant growth–promoting bacteria: Prospects for alleviating salinity stress in plants
2020
Etesami, Hassan | Glick, Bernard R.
As one of the major non–biological stresses, soil salinity negatively affects agricultural productivity, microbial communities, and agricultural economics in impacted areas and is a significant agrarian problem worldwide that has expanded in the last few decades. The use of glycophytes (salt–sensitive plants) is the primary limitation to such an agricultural approach. However, halophytes, which are proficient at obtaining essential micro/macronutrients from exceedingly saline environments and thrive under conditions in which salinity–sensitive crops are either unproductive or inefficient, are prime candidates for utilization in these circumstances. In addition, the bacterial microbiome associated with the roots of halophytic plants is a useful resource for the isolation of salt–tolerant bacteria with multiple plant growth–promoting characteristics, such as the production of different phytohormones, dissolution of insoluble inorganic phosphates, siderophore production, molecular nitrogen fixation, the activity of 1–aminocyclopropane–1–carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase enzyme, and pathogen suppression, which enhance salinity tolerance of these plants as well as glycophytes and thereby stimulate the growth of plants under salinity–induced stress. The most dominant among reported halotolerant bacterial genera in most of the halophytic plants are Halomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Oceanobacillus, and Pseudomonas. Here, it is shown that a wide range of halotolerant bacteria with a variety of plant growth-promoting characteristics may provide an important resource for augmenting crop tolerance to salinity and thereby boosting saline soil–based agriculture.
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