Temperature and photosynthetic photon flux influence chrysanthemum shoot development and flower initiation under short-day conditions
1989
Karlsson, M.G. | Heins, R.D. | Erwin, J.E. | Berghage, R.D. | Carlson, W.H. | Biernbaum, J.A.
The effects of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), day temperature (DT) and night temperature (NT) on leaf number, leaf unfolding rate and shoot length were determined for chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev. 'Bright Golden Anne') grown under short day (SD) conditions. A functional relationship was first developed to predict if flower bud appearance would occur within 100 SD under a given set of environmental conditions. All combinations of DT and NT in the range from 10 degrees to 30 degrees C were predicted to result in flower bud appearance at higher PPF than 10.8 mol.day-1.m-2. The number of leaves formed below the flower increased quadratically as DT and/or NT increased from 10 degrees to 30 degrees. As PPF increased from 1.8 to 21.6 mol.day-1.m-2, one to two fewer leaves were formed per shoot. Rate of leaf unfolding increased linearly with increasing average daily temperature from 0.2 leaves/day at 10 degrees to 0.5 leaves/day at 30 degrees. Internode length was highly correlated with the difference between DT and NT (DIF = DT - NT) such that increasing DIF from -12 degrees to 12 degrees resulted in progressively longer internodes.
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