Transformation of atrazine by photolysis and radiolysis: kinetic parameters, intermediates and economic consideration
2019
Rózsa, Georgina | Fazekas, Ákos | Náfrádi, Máté | Alapi, Tünde | Schrantz, Krisztina | Takács, Erzsébet | Wojnárovits, László | Fath, Andreas | Oppenländer, Thomas
Four techniques, UV₂₅₄ ₙₘ photolysis, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV₁₇₂ ₙₘ) photolysis, combined UV₂₅₄ ₙₘ/VUV₁₈₅ ₙₘ photolysis and gamma (γ) radiolysis were used to induce the transformation of atrazine in aqueous solution. The effects of dissolved oxygen (atrazine concentration 1 × 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹ and 4.6 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹) and matrix (high purity water/purified wastewater, atrazine concentration 4.6 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹) and the electric energy requirements were investigated. The calculation of the energy input in cases of the photolyses was based on the lamp’s power. In radiolysis, the absorbed dose (J kg⁻¹) was the basis. In UV photolysis, atrazine transforms to atrazine-2-hydroxy; this product practically does not degrade during UV photolysis; due to this reason, the mineralisation is very slow. This and some other products of atrazine decomposition degrade only in radical reactions. Dissolved oxygen usually slightly enhances the degradation rate. At 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ concentration level, the matrix, high purity water/purified wastewater, has not much influence on the degradation rates in UV photolysis and radiolysis. In the VUV and UV/VUV systems, considerable matrix effects were observed. Comparing the electric energy requirements of the four degradation processes, radiolysis was found to be the economically most feasible method, requiring 1–2 orders of magnitude less electric energy than UV/VUV, VUV and UV photolysis.
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