Removal of Cadmium (II) using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) biochar alginate beads in aqueous solutions
2020
Liu, Cenwei | Ye, Jing | Lin, Yi | Wu, Jian | Price, G.W. | Burton, D. | Wang, Yixiang
Biochar produced from water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) has been demonstrated to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of certain heavy metals and as a means of control for this highly invasive species. This study involved examined the Cd²⁺ sorption dynamics of an alginate encapsulated water hyacinth biochar (BAC) generated at different temperatures and modified using ferric/ferrous sulfate (MBAC). The maximum Cd²⁺ sorption occurred at a pH of 6 and at a solution temperature of 37 °C. Sorption equilibria for the biochar-alginate capsule (BAC) and modified biochar-alginate capsule (MBAC) treatments fit both the Langmuir (R² = 0.876 to 0.99) and Freundlich (R² = 0.849 to 0.971) equations. Langmuir isotherms had a better fit than the Freundlich isotherms, with maximum sorption capacities ranging from 24.2 to 45.8 mg Cd²⁺ g⁻¹. Larger KL values in Freundlich modeling suggest strong bonding of the BAC and MBAC sorbents to Cd²⁺, with values of KL in the MBAC treatments ranging between 31 and 178% greater than the BAC treatments. Cd²⁺ sorption followed pseudo first-order kinetics (R² = 0.926 to 0.991) with greater efficiency of removal using treatments with biochar generated at temperatures >500 °C. Results from this study highlight the potential for biochar-alginate capsules derived from water hyacinth to be effective for the removal of Cd²⁺ from wastewaters.
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