Evaluation of tolerance of tubers Solanum tuberosum to silicа nanoparticles
2018
Mushinskiy, Alexandr Alekseevich | Aminovа, Evgeniya Vladimirovna | Korotkova, Anastasia Mikhailovna
In recent years, researches on the impact of nanometals on the state of soil ecosystems, including silicon, which is known to have a positive effect on plants under stressful conditions, have become relevant. The aim of this study was to assess the biological effects of nanoparticles (NP) of SiO₂ on the plant Solanum tuberosum. Testing of biological activity of NP SiO₂ on potato tubers was carried out on the example of five concentrations of metal increasing exponentially (0.03, 0.09, 0.18, 0.21, and 0.36 g/kg of potatoes) and control (without processing of NP SiO₂). We have shown that on the 21st day of the experiment after tuber treatment, the average mass of tuber in concentrations 0.18 and 0.21 g/kg of NP SiO₂ increased by 6.6% and 2.2%, respectively; stimulation of root length by 27.8–21.0%, the length of sprouts increased to 55.3%, and at a concentration of 0.36 g/kg on the 14th and 45th days, there was a maximum accumulation of Si in different parts of the plants. Analysis of chlorophyll content in the sprouts Solanum tuberosum showed that concentrations of nanoform SiO₂ 0.03–0.21 g/kg chlorophyll were higher than control by 48.8% and content of carotenoids by 29.7%. According to the results of field studies, the maximum mass of potato stems and tubers was observed at concentrations of 0.09 g/kg and 0.18 g/kg NP SiO₂, which confirmed the absence of toxic properties of NP SiO₂. The absence of the toxic effect of the investigated range of concentrations of NP SiO₂ from 0.03 to 0.36 g/kg was also confirmed by electrophoretic mobility of plant DNA molecules after incubation with silicon nanoparticles in vitro.
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