The Synergistic Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescens on Growth and Qualitative and Quantitative Yield of Thymus kotschyanus Essential Oil
2020
Sammak, Ali Salehnia | Anvari, Masoumeh | Matinizadeh, Mohammad | Mirza, Mehdi
In this study, to investigate the synergistic effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the qualitative and quantitative yield of Thymus kotschyanus essential oil, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications at the Alborz Research Complex, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. The treatments used included Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. fluorescens and Rhizophagus clarus, P. fluorescens and Funneliformis badium, P. fluorescens and Acaulospora laevis, control or without inoculation. After growth and harvesting stages, the essential oil was extracted and then analyzed by gas chromatography to identify the compounds. According to the results, the highest shoot height of Thyme was related to the P. fluorescens and A. laevis treatment, the highest vegetation cover belonged to the R. clarus and P. fluorescens treatment, and the highest number of branches and total biomass was recorded in the P. fluorescens and A. laevis treatment. The highest essential oil percentage belonged to the P. fluorescens treatment. The main phytochemicals of the essential oil were p-cymene, 1,8- cineol, δ-terpinene, borneol, geraniol, geranial, thymol, carvacrol, geranyl acetate, E-caryophyllene, and the highest content of geraniol, geranial, and geranyl acetate was detected in the P. fluorescens treatment. The highest content of thymol was in the A. laevis and P. fluorescens treatment, and the highest content of carvacrol was in the R. calalus and P. fluorescens treatment. The results of this study show that the inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens is a promising inoculum for the optimum production of medicinal plants. These microorganisms can also be used to enhance the performance and production of chemical constituents of essential oils and organic production.
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