Assessment of regional flow type and groundwater sensitivity to pollution using hydrograph analyses and hydrochemical data of the Selita and Blue Eye karst springs, Albania | Evaluation des types d’écoulements régionaux et de la sensibilité des eaux souterraines aux pollutions par l’utilisation des analyses d’hydrogrammes et des données hydrochimiques des sources karstiques Selita et Blue Eye, Albanie Evaluación del tipo de flujo regional y de la sensibilidad de las aguas subterráneas a la contaminación utilizando análisis hidrográficos y datos hidroquímicos de los manantiales kársticos Selita y Blue Eye, Albania 利用水文分析和阿尔巴尼亚喀斯特Selita和Blue Eye泉的水化学数据评估区域水流类型和地下水对污染的敏感性 O uso de hidrogramas e dados hidrogeoquímicos para a avaliação do tipo de fluxo e a susceptibilidade da água subterrânea à contaminação nas nascentes em carste de Selita e Blue Eye, Albânia Hodnotenie regionálneho typu prúdenia podzemnej vody a jej senzitivity voči znečisteniu pomocou analýzy výtokových čiar a hydrochemických vlastností vôd krasových prameňov Selita a Blue Eye, Albánsko
2019
Eftimi, Romeo | Malik, Péter
The assessment of groundwater vulnerability/sensitivity to pollution in karstic aquifers usually concentrates on recognition of fast-flow (conduit flow) and slow-flow (diffuse flow) components or intermediate regimes and their ratio in the total discharged volume. Analysis of master recession curves and correlation between physical characteristics of springs and temporal variations in spring water chemistry were applied to two major karst springs of Albania: Selita Spring (mean discharge 510 L s⁻¹), exploited for Tirana water supply, and Blue Eye Spring (mean discharge 18,182 L s⁻¹), used for electric power generation. These springs are recharged by precipitation in two very different karst areas with respect to their karstification degree, which influences also groundwater circulation patterns within karstic aquifers. Different regional groundwater flow types are subsequently reflected in the different spring hydrographs and in the temporal hydrochemical variations. Based on the spring master recession curves, Selita Spring is characterised as a conduit spring where the fast-flow component represents the majority of groundwater flow, and its catchment area should be linked with a high degree of sensitivity to pollution. On the other hand, in the discharge regime of Blue Eye Spring, the slow-flow component dominates, and although having a discharge of one order of magnitude bigger, this is a diffuse-flow spring and its catchment area should have lower sensitivity to potential pollution. The same results were also confirmed by statistical treatment of the temporal variations in spring water chemistry and evidence of surface karst phenomena in their recharge areas.
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