Effects of heat-sensitive agents, soil type, moisture, and leaf surface on persistence of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) nucleopolyhedrovirus
1999
Peng, F. | Fuxa, J.R. | Richter, A.R. | Johnson, S.J.
In a laboratory experiment, persistence of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgNPV) was significantly lower in marsh soil than in agricultural soil. AgNPV was inactivated significantly more quickly in soil at -0.3 bar water potential than in soil at water potentials of 0 bar or -5 bar. Loss of AgNPV activity was significantly faster in unautoclaved soil than in autoclaved soil. AgNPV stored in unautoclaved marsh water lost 99% of its activity within 64 d, whereas AgNFV in distilled water or autoclaved marsh water remained 98-99% active after the same time period. The soil and marsh-water results indicate that 1 or more heat-sensitive agents, perhaps microorganisms, were inactivating AgNPV. The persistence of AgNFV was examined on foliage of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, versus deer pea, Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth, a wild host plant of A. gemmatalis. AgNPV sprayed on upper leaf surfaces lost greater than or equal to 60% of its activity within 2 d, whereas the virus sprayed on the underside of foliage lost less than or equal to 13% in the same time period, regardless of host plant. The results of the soil and water persistence experiments indicate that classical biological control of A. gematalis with AgNPV is less likely to succeed in wild, coastal legumes than in the soybean agroecosystem.
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