Genotoxicity in fishes environmentally exposed to As, Se, Hg, Pb, Cr and toxaphene in the lower Colorado River basin, at Mexicali valley, Baja California, México
2020
Flores-Galván, M. A. | Daesslé, L. W. | Arellano-García, E. | Torres-Bugarín, O. | Macías-Zamora, J. V. | Ruiz-Campos, G.
The environmental exposure to As, Se, Hg, Pb, Cr and toxaphene was assessed for 11 freshwater fish species in irrigation channels, agricultural return flow drains, a drain collecting lagoon and sections of the Colorado River at the Mexicali valley in Baja California, México, during August 2015–April 2016. Arsenic (2.90 ng ml⁻¹) and Se (1.41 ng ml⁻¹) in water had the highest concentrations in the return flow drains (Hardy River and Xochimilco Lagoon, respectively). However, fish axial muscle tissue had the highest concentration of Se (8.3 µg g⁻¹) and Hg (0.36 µg g⁻¹) in Colorado River fresh water, while As (1.7 µg g⁻¹) in Hardy River fish was highest. Selenium concentrations in all fishes and toxaphene in Cyprinus carpio and Ameiurus natalis are above the safe levels for human consumption (0.3 µg g⁻¹ and 180 ng g⁻¹ respectively). Toxaphene was detected in the fish axial tissue, having the highest concentrations in Poecilia latipinna (690 ng g⁻¹) in the Colorado River. The low proportion of the 8-Cl toxaphene congeners in fish suggests degradation of this pollutant. Tilapia. sp. cf. zillii had the most genotoxic damage with 7.4 micronucleated erythrocytes per 10,000 erythrocytes in Xochimilco Lagoon and 2 in Hardy River. The genotoxicity in all the fish species studied was significantly correlated to the concentrations of As and Se in water.
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