Métricas de paisagem na avaliação da efetividade de proteção do Parque Estadual da Costa do Sol, uma unidade de conservação fragmentada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil | Landscape metrics in the evaluation of the protective effectiveness of the State Park of Costa do Sol, a fragmented conservation unit in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2020
Müller, Georg de Oliveira | Oliveira, Luciana Mara Temponi de
The Cabo Frio region and its surroundings, in the state of Rio de Janeiro’s coast, Brazil, is an area with high plant species richness and high endemism, which makes it a priority area for conservation, known as the Centre of Plant Diversity of Cabo Frio (CPDCF). The State Park of Costa do Sol (SPCSol) is the largest conservation unit with integral protection in the region and was developed in a discontinuous model, being formed by 43 distinct areas grouped in four large nuclei: Massambaba, Atalaia-Dama Branca, Pau-Brasil and Sapiatiba. Given the fragmented aspect of the SPCSol, the goal of the present study was to evaluate, through landscape metrics, the effectiveness of the SPCSol as a protective tool for the CPDCF’s biodiversity, accounting its 43 fragments as eventual unique remnants of natural areas in the region. Results showed that the SPCSol’s fragments are under strong pressure from anthropic activities in its direct vicinity, being in general highly susceptive to edge effects. The connectivity between fragments is low, with the Massambaba nucleus presenting the best values of habitat availability, varying between 0.18 and 0.57 in an index that ranges from 0 to 1. None of the other fragments presented values above 0.10. Another four large natural areas in the region – the Cabo Frio Island, the vegetated portion of São Pedro da Aldeia’s Naval Air Base, the “restinga” area in the Navy’s Radio Direction Finding Station in Campos Novos and the Peró Dunes – showed high importance for habitat availability in the CPDCF. The inclusion of these areas in the SPCSol or in another conservation unit with integral protection is recommended.
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