The content of free and esterified triterpenoids of the native marigold (Calendula officinalis) plant and its modifications in in vitro cultures
2015
Niżyński, Bartosz | Alsoufi, Abdulwadood Shakir Mahmood | Pączkowski, Cezary | Długosz, Marek | Szakiel, Anna
Substantial qualitative and quantitative differences in the triterpenoid profiles of marigold Calendula officinalis L. cv. Persimmon Beauty native plant organs (whole capitular inflorescences, separated ligulate flowers, leaves, and roots) and of various types of marigold in vitro cultures (a suspension culture initiated from seedlings, a hairy root culture, a suspension culture initiated from hairy roots) were demonstrated through GC–MS/FID analysis. The ligulate flowers and whole inflorescences were the richest sources of pentacyclic triterpenoids occurring in free and ester forms, whereas the in vitro cultures synthesized primarily sterols, although the profile of these compounds was considerably different than that of the native plant. The synthesis and accumulation of triterpenoids of taraxastane-type skeletons were determined to occur only in flowers, and D:A-friedooleanane (friedelane) triterpenoids were detected only in the roots, whereas oleanane, ursane and lupane skeletons were determined to be synthesized in all parts of the plant. Certain metabolic features of the parent plant were retained in the in vitro cultures (e.g., the capacity to synthesize oleanane, ursane and lupane skeletons), whereas others were lost. The obtained results confirm the existence of a strong correlation between morphological differentiation and the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, which influences the potential productivity of in vitro cultures.
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