PCBs attenuation and abundance of Dehalococcoides spp., bphC, CheA, and flic genes in typical polychlorinated biphenyl-polluted soil under floody and dry soil conditions

Hashmi, Muhammad Zaffar; Qin, Zhihui; Yao, Xiaoyan; Ahmed, Zulkifl; Xiaomei, Su; Shen, Chaofeng; Tang, Xianjin

PCBs attenuation and abundance of Dehalococcoides spp., bphC, CheA, and flic genes in typical polychlorinated biphenyl-polluted soil under floody and dry soil conditions

2016

This study investigates PCBs attenuation and the abundance of active polychlorinated-degrading Dehalococcoides spp. biphenyl dioxygenase (bphC), chemotaxis (CheA), and flagellum (flic) genes in floody and dry soil conditions polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls. The results revealed that total PCBs, high chlorinated PCBs (>4 cl), and less chlorinated PCBs (<4 cl) decreased with the passage of time in floody and dry soil conditions. The reduction of total PCBs (13.87 %) and less chlorinated PCBs (15.39 %) was more in dry soil than floody soil, while high chlorinated PCBs showed more reduction in floody soil (8.06 %) than dry soil. Dehaloccoides spp., bphC, CheA, and flic genes indicated temporal dynamics in abundance in floody and dry soil conditions. The highest abundance was 1.6 × 10⁹, 3.7 × 10⁴, and 3.6 × 10² copies in floody and 1.6 × 10⁴ copies in dry soil for Dehalococcoides spp., bphC, CheA, and flic, respectively. Multivariate statistics (RDA) revealed that Dehaloccoides spp. were positively influenced by the higher chlorinated PCBs and soil physical properties, CheA gene with floody soil, flic gene with total PCBs and less chlorinated PCBs, and bphC gene was affected with moisture contents and less chlorinated PCBs. This study provides new insight in the attenuation of PCBs and the abundance of active Dehalococcoides spp. and genes in PCBs polluted soil under floody and dry soil conditions.

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