Saturated fat and simple carbohydrates elevate plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations by specific alterations on hepatic cholesterol metabolism
1998
He, L. | Fernendez, M.L.
We investigated the independent and interactive effects of saturated fat and simple carbohydrates on plasma and hepatic cholesterol in guinea pigs fed semipurified diets containing 19% fat (w/w) either high in lauric + myristic (SFA), oleic (MUFA), or linoleic (PUFA) and 33.5% (w/w) of carbohydrates either sucrose or starch for four weeks. Plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations were 40% higher in the simple carbohydrate groups compared with starch-fed animals (P<0.005). SFA-fed guinea pigs had 75% higher plasma LDL cholesterol than did those fed MUFA or PUFA diets (P<0.0001). In addition, SFA significantly decreased HDL cholesterol levels by 100-130% compared to MUFA or PUFA diets which had similar effects. Sucrose intake resulted in increased plasma apoB concentrations compared with starch intake (P = 0.001). SFA intake also increased plasma apoB levels by 50% compared with MUFA or PUFA diets (P<0.00001). Guinea pigs fed SFA diets had 60% lower hepatic LDL receptor number than those fed MUFA and PUFA diets while sucrose intake reduced the number of hepatic LDL receptors by 30% (P < 0.01). Hepatic ACAT activity was 1.7 fold higher in animals fed sucrose diets compared with those fed starch (P<0.0001). These studies suggest that SFA and sucrose independently raise plasma LDL cholesterol levels by distinct mechanisms that alter hepatic cholesterol homeostasis and affect the synthesis and catabolism of lipoproteins.
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