IoT-based smart crop-field monitoring of rice cultivation system for irrigation control and its effect on water footprint mitigation
2021
Laphatphakkhanut, Rapeepong | Puttrawutichai, Songsak | Dechkrong, Punyavee | Preuksakarn, Chakkrit | Wichaidist, Bittawat | Vongphet, Jutithep | Suksaroj, Chaisri
Rice is the staple food and one of Thailand's economic crops. However, rice cultivation consumes a large amount of water. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the irrigation system's efficiency and the current rice cultivation data in Thailand. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the water-use efficiency of three irrigation methods, (1) modern irrigation system (MIS) using a self-developed Maxii Station (internet of things (IoT-based)) weather monitoring station, (2) alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and (3) basin irrigation, in the dry season rice cultivation (January–May) by tracing the water footprint. The results revealed that the field's actual water consumption was 7461, 5823, and 7612 m³/ha for MIS, AWD, and basin irrigation, respectively. The theoretical water demand (7896 m³/ha), calculated from CROPWAT 8.0, was in the vicinity of the MIS and basin irrigation. The rice productivity per area was 3.56, 1.71, and 2.56 tons/ha for MIS, AWD, and basin irrigation. These were lower than those usual due to high temperature affecting the rice's flowering stage. However, the MIS exhibited the most well grained, and the water footprint in the different rice-growing systems was 2343, 3924, and 3310 m³/tons paddy for MIS, AWD, and basin irrigation, respectively. Moreover, the MIS could reduce the water footprint by 40.29% and 29.22% compared to AWD and basin irrigation, respectively.
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