A Single IGF1 Allele Is a Major Determinant of Small Size in Dogs
2007
Sutter, Nathan B. | Bustamante, Carlos D. | Chase, Kevin | Gray, Melissa M. | Zhao, Keyan | Zhu, Lan | Padhukasahasram, Badri | Karlins, Eric | Davis, Sean | Jones, Paul G. | Quignon, Pascale | Johnson, Gary S. | Parker, Heidi G. | Fretwell, Neale | Mosher, Dana S. | Lawler, Dennis F. | Satyaraj, Ebenezer | Nordborg, Magnus | Lark, K Gordon | Wayne, Robert K. | Ostrander, Elaine A.
The domestic dog exhibits greater diversity in body size than any other terrestrial vertebrate. We used a strategy that exploits the breed structure of dogs to investigate the genetic basis of size. First, through a genome-wide scan, we identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 15 influencing size variation within a single breed. Second, we examined genetic variation in the 15-megabase interval surrounding the QTL in small and giant breeds and found marked evidence for a selective sweep spanning a single gene (IGF1), encoding insulin-like growth factor 1. A single IGF1 single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotype is common to all small breeds and nearly absent from giant breeds, suggesting that the same causal sequence variant is a major contributor to body size in all small dogs.
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