Eyes on the future – evidence for trade‐offs between growth, storage and defense in Norway spruce
2019
Huang, Jianbei | Hammerbacher, Almuth | Weinhold, Alexander | Reichelt, Michael | Gleixner, Gerd | Behrendt, Thomas | van Dam, Nicole M. | Sala, Anna | Gershenzon, Jonathan | Trumbore, Susan | Hartmann, H. (Henrik)
Carbon (C) allocation plays a central role in tree responses to environmental changes. Yet, fundamental questions remain about how trees allocate C to different sinks, for example, growth vs storage and defense. In order to elucidate allocation priorities, we manipulated the whole‐tree C balance by modifying atmospheric CO₂ concentrations [CO₂] to create two distinct gradients of declining C availability, and compared how C was allocated among fluxes (respiration and volatile monoterpenes) and biomass C pools (total biomass, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and secondary metabolites (SM)) in well‐watered Norway spruce (Picea abies) saplings. Continuous isotope labelling was used to trace the fate of newly‐assimilated C. Reducing [CO₂] to 120 ppm caused an aboveground C compensation point (i.e. net C balance was zero) and resulted in decreases in growth and respiration. By contrast, soluble sugars and SM remained relatively constant in aboveground young organs and were partially maintained with a constant allocation of newly‐assimilated C, even at expense of root death from C exhaustion. We conclude that spruce trees have a conservative allocation strategy under source limitation: growth and respiration can be downregulated to maintain ‘operational’ concentrations of NSC while investing newly‐assimilated C into future survival by producing SM.
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