Transformation between 2-Threityl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic Acid and Xylose–Cysteine Amadori Rearrangement Product Regulated by pH Adjustment during High-Temperature Instantaneous Dehydration
2020
Zhai, Yun | Cui, Heping | Hayat, Khizar | Hussain, Shahzad | Tahir, Muhammad Usman | Deng, Shibin | Zhang, Qiang | Zhang, Xiaoming | Ho, Chi-Tang
2-Threityl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) was found to be the predominant product rather than the Amadori rearrangement product (ARP) during the formation of xylose–cysteine-derived (Xyl–Cys-derived) Maillard reaction intermediates (MRIs) through a thermal reaction coupled with vacuum dehydration. To regulate the existence forms of Xyl–Cys-derived MRIs, an effective method carried out by pH adjustment during high-temperature instantaneous dehydration through spray-drying was proposed in this research to promote the conversion from TTCA to ARP. The increased inlet air temperature of spray-drying could properly facilitate the shift of chemical equilibrium between the MRIs and promote the transformation from TTCA to ARP while raising the total yield of TA (TTCA + ARP). The conversion to ARP was increased to 20.83% at 190 °C of hot blast compared to the product without spray-drying (6.03%). The conversion from TTCA to ARP was further facilitated in the pH range of 7.5–9.5. When the pH of the aqueous reactants was adjusted to 9.5, the equilibrium conversion to ARP was improved to 47.23% after spray-drying, which accounted for 59.48% of the TA formation. Accordingly, MRIs with different TTCA/ARP proportions could be selectively obtained by pH adjustment of the stock solution during high-temperature instantaneous dehydration of spray-drying.
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