Villification: How the Gut Gets Its Villi
2013
Shyer, Amy E. | Tallinen, Tuomas | Nerurkar, Nandan L. | Wei, Zhiyan | Gil, Eun Seok | Kaplan, David L. | Tabin, Clifford J. | Mahadevan, L.
Intestinal Villus Formation The intestinal villi are essential elaborations of the lining of the gut that increase the epithelial surface area for nutrient absorption. Shyer et al. (p. 212, published online 29 August; see the Perspective by Simons) show that in both the developing human and chick gut, the villi are formed in a step-wise progression, involving the sequential folding of the endoderm into longitudinal ridges, via a zigzag pattern, to finally form individual villi. These changes are established through the differentiation of the smooth muscle layers of the gut, restricting the expansion of the adjacent proliferating and growing endoderm and mesenchyme, generating compressive stresses that lead to the buckling and folding of the tissue.
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