Respuesta del platano variedad Enano Gigante a tres espaciamientos de drenaje subsuperficial, en La Chontalpa, Tabasco | Response of the Grand Nain banana at three subsuperficial drainage spacings in "La Chontalpa", Tabasco
2003
Yzquierdo-Arebalos, S. | Carrillo-Avila, E. | Palacios-Velez, O.L.
In the wet tropics, shallow water tables cause agricultural problems due to high moisture content in the soil where plant roots develop. These problems mostly affect water-sensitive crops such as banana. In Tabasco, growers build superficial drains to solve problems associated with excessive rain; however, these drains require maintenance, obstruct mechanical cultivation and reduce the cultivated area. As an alternative, at the Campus of the Colegio de Postgraduados in Tabasco, a module of subsuperficial drainage was installed. In this study, different distances between drain tubes were evaluated and Grand Nain banana (Musa AAA subgroup Cavendish) was used. Three distances of subsuperficial drainage were evaluated and each distance was considered a treatment. Twenty banana plants were randomly selected per treatment. For each individual plant, height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and bunch weight were recorded as well as crop yield. Furthermore, hydric and meteorological variables such as soil water content, soil water pressure potential at different depths, depth of the water table, air temperature, and sunshine hours were registered. Significant differences among treatments were observed for plant height, stem diameter, and bunch weight. Values were higher when the tubes were separated 10 m from each other. An inverse relationship was observed between phenological variables and drain-tube distances and this effect was reflected in yield. Multiple regressions were carried out to define the relationship between banana growth and the hydric and meteorological variables, thus the values that optimize growth were determined.
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