Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Lower Abdominal Adiposity in European Men and Women
2009
Romaguera, Dora | Norat, Teresa | Mouw, Traci | May, Anne M. | Bamia, Christina | Slimani, Nadia | Travier, Noemie | Besson, Herve | Luan, Jian'an | Wareham, Nick | Rinaldi, Sabina | Couto, Elisabeth | Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise | Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine | Cottet, Vanessa | Palli, Domenico | Agnoli, Claudia | Panico, Salvatore | Tumino, Rosario | Vineis, Paolo | Agudo, Antonio | Rodriguez, Laudina | Sánchez, María José | Amiano, Pilar | Barricarte, Aurelio | Huerta, Jose Maria | Key, Timothy J. | Spencer, Elisabeth A. | Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas | Büchner, Frederike L. | Orfanos, Philippos | Naska, Androniki | Trichopoulou, Antonia | Rohrmann, Sabine | Kaaks, Rudolf | Bergmann, Manuela | Boeing, Heiner | Johansson, Ingegerd | Hellstrom, Veronica | Manjer, Jonas | Wirfält, Elisabet | Uhre Jacobsen, Marianne | Overvad, Kim | Tjonneland, Anne | Halkjaer, Jytte | Lund, Eiliv | Braaten, Toni | Engeset, Dragun | Odysseos, Andreani | Riboli, E (Elio) | Peeters, Petra H.M.
Given the lack of consistent evidence of the relationship between Mediterranean dietary patterns and body fat, we assessed the cross-sectional association between adherence to a modified Mediterranean diet, BMI, and waist circumference (WC). A total of 497,308 individuals (70.7% women) aged 25-70 y from 10 European countries participated in this study. Diet was assessed at baseline using detailed validated country-specific questionnaires, and anthropometrical measurements were collected using standardized procedures. The association between the degree of adherence to the modified-Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) (including high consumption of vegetables, legumes, fruits and nuts, cereals, fish and seafood, and unsaturated:saturated fatty acids ratio; moderate alcohol intake; and low consumption of meat and meat products and dairy products) and BMI (kg·m⁻²) or WC (cm) was modeled through mixed-effects linear regression, controlling for potential confounders. Overall, the mMDS was not significantly associated with BMI. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with lower WC, for a given BMI, in both men (-0.09; 95% CI -0.14 to -0.04) and women (-0.06; 95% CI -0.10 to -0.01). The association was stronger in men (-0.20; 95% CI -0.23 to -0.17) and women (-0.17; 95% CI -0.21 to -0.13) from Northern European countries. Despite the observed heterogeneity among regions, results of this study suggest that adherence to a modified Mediterranean diet, high in foods of vegetable origin and unsaturated fatty acids, is associated with lower abdominal adiposity measured by WC in European men and women.
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