Soil Properties under Nitrogen- vs. Phosphorus-Based Manure and Compost Management of Corn
2016
Sadeghpour, Amir | Ketterings, Quirine M. | Vermeylen, Francoise | Godwin, Gregory S. | Czymmek, Karl J.
Concerns about P enrichment of soil, streams, and lakes, NH₃ emissions from surface-applied manure, and increasing N fertilizer costs have resulted in greater adoption of manure incorporation at rates that approximate P removal. A 5-yr field study was conducted comparing the influence of annual spring applications of N- vs. P-removal-based compost (74 and 46 Mg ha⁻¹ wet basis, respectively), liquid dairy manure (196 and 68 kL ha⁻¹, respectively), and sidedress N fertilizer (0 and 112 kg ha⁻¹) on soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), respiration, NO₃–N, and soil test P (STP) and K (STK) in a corn (Zea mays L.) silage cropping system on a calcareous central New York soil. Manure was incorporated with tillage in the P-removal-based system. After 5 yr, soil pH (0–20 cm) remained unchanged compared with its initial level in 2001 regardless of the application rate or source. In P-based manure and inorganic N plots, SOM declined with time but increased by 4 g kg⁻¹ with N-based compost. Solvita CO₂ respiration increased only for N-based compost (41 g mg⁻¹), which was greater than for P-based manure (32 g mg⁻¹) in April 2005. After 5 yr, topsoil (0–20 cm) STP and STK were greatest with N-based compost and manure. These results show the benefits of compost application for SOM accumulation and respiration, the benefits of P-based applications for management of STP and STK, and the negative impact on SOM because of tillage incorporation of manure at P-based rates. Manure injection rather than tillage-based incorporation might counteract this negative impact.
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