Pro-Oxidative and Pro-Apoptotic Action of Defatted Seeds of Oenothera paradoxa on Human Skin Melanoma Cells
2009
Jaszewska, Edyta | Kosmider, Anita | Kiss, Anna K. | Naruszewicz, Marek
Three extracts of defatted seeds of Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok, aqueous extract, 60% ethanolic extract, and 30% isopropanolic extract, differing by their total content of phenolic compounds and by their contents of individual polyphenols, were investigated in this study. The extracts exerted cytotoxic action on HTB-140 human skin melanoma cells. After 24 h of incubation, IC50 values of 169.7 ± 5.9 μg/mL, 72.4 ± 3.8 μg/mL, and 155.3 ± 6.3 μg/mL were obtained for HTB-140 cells with the aqueous extract, 60% ethanolic extract, and 30% isopropanolic extract at the tested concentrations (5−200 μg/mL), respectively, while IC50 for normal fibroblast cells NHDFs was not attained. Moreover, for HTB-140 cells, LD50 (concentration at which 50% of cells were dead) of 89.2 ± 4.3 μg/mL and 181.4 ± 6.5 μg/mL were obtained with 60% ethanolic extract and 30% isopropanolic extract, respectively. In melanoma cells, all three extracts caused a concentration-dependent increase of ROS production, GSH, and ATP lowering, and appearance of phosphatidylserine on the external surface of cellular membranes where it was bound to annexin V-FITC; furthermore, apoptosis without activation of caspase-3 took place. The most effective was 60% ethanolic extract, which had the greatest total content of phenolic compounds and the greatest content of pentagalloyloglucose (PGG).
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