In Situ Heavy Metal Accumulation in Lettuce Growing Near a Former Mining Waste Disposal Area: Implications for Agricultural Management
2010
Conesa, Héctor M. | Pérez-Chacón, Jose A. | Arnaldos, Raquel | Moreno-Caselles, Joaquín | Faz Cano, A (Angel)
Mining wastes may pose risk nearby urban and agricultural areas. We investigated a lettuce crop land close to a former capped mine tailing in order to determinate the metal uptake by crops. Soil plot sampling design within the crop area and two transects along the tailing were performed. In addition, lettuces (root and leaves) were analyzed after transplant and harvest. The results showed a pH of around 7-8 for all the soil samples. Total metal concentrations were as follows: 190-510 mg kg⁻¹ Pb, 13-21 mg kg⁻¹ Cu, and 210-910 mg kg⁻¹ Zn. Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid-extractable Pb was around 18% of the total Pb in some samples. Transects along the base and on the plateau of the tailing showed high metal concentrations of Pb (up to 5,800 mg kg⁻¹) and Zn (up to 4,500 mg kg⁻¹), indicating that capping layer had been eroded. Lettuce leaves showed Pb concentrations within standard for human health (<0.3 mg kg⁻¹ in fresh weight). For essential micronutrients such as Cu and Zn, leaves had optimal content (10-28 mg kg⁻¹ Cu, 60-85 mg kg⁻¹ Zn). A continued monitoring in metal uptake is needed in crop lands close to mining wastes in order to prevent risks in food safety. Capped tailings must be monitored and rehabilitation works performed from time to time.
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