Vegetarians have a lower fasting insulin level and higher insulin sensitivity compared with matched omnivores: a cross-sectional study
2019
Cui, X. | Wang, B. | Wu, Y. | Xie, L. | Xun, P. | Tang, Q. | Cai, W. | Shen, X.
Potential associations between vegetarian diet patterns and fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity remain unclear. We aimed to investigate if vegetarian diets were associated with fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity in a cross-sectional study in Chinese vegetarians and matched omnivores, then to test if it is independent of body mass index (BMI).This study included 279 vegetarians (73 vegans, 206 lacto-ovo-vegetarians) and 279 age and sex matched omnivores. Fasting blood glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FI) concentrations were measured, and β-cell function (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were used to evaluate insulin sensitivity. All blood glucose and insulin sensitivity indices were naturally log-transformed and multiple-linear regression was used to determine the association between vegetarian diet patterns and insulin sensitivity after adjusting for confounders including BMI, visceral fat area, physical activity, sedentary time, income, alcohol consumption, and daily dietary intakes of macronutrients. Compared to omnivores, both vegan diet [β = -0.25, 95% CI: (-0.38, -0.14)] and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet [β = -0.10, 95% CI: (-0.18, -0.01)] were negatively associated with HOMA-IR after adjusting for BMI. Vegan diet remained negatively associated with FI [β = -0.16, 95% CI: (-0.30, -0.01)] and HOMA-IR [β = -0.17, 95% CI: (-0.32, -0.03)] after adjusting for all confounders.Vegetarian diet, especially vegan diet, is negatively associated with fasting insulin and insulin resistance index, independent of BMI.
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