A preliminary protocol to propagate true-to-type and cladode swelling disease-free cactus pear stock plants
2013
Torre, J.G Romero-de la | Espinosa-Huerta, E. | González-Chavira, M.M. | Mora-Avilés, M.A. | Mondragón-Jacobo, C.
All cactus pear commercial cultivars are vulnerable to "Cladode Swelling" (CS) a disease associated to phytoplasmas. CS affects the productivity of the plant and the quality of the fruit. The lack of a nursery stage on cutting production is promoting its rapid spread in Mexico. The present study was conducted under the assumptions that infection trough seed is not feasible and apomictic plants preserve the genetic identity of the mother plant. Seeds from apparently healthy plants of 9 cultivars were collected from commercial orchards. They were scarified with sulfuric acid, then planted in commercial germination mix and grown in the greenhouse. Once germinated, apomictic plants separated by AFLPs were used as initial explants for micropropagation process. Explants were placed on induction media to induce adventitious shoot formation from vegetative buds. Buds were formed at the base of the initial shoot 15 days after culture media in IM. Adventitious shoots developed 20 days after buds formation. Approximately 20 shoots formed and developed in each subculture. Shoots that reached 7 cm height were transferred to elongation medium for subsequent transfer to greenhouse. Using this protocol it is possible to obtain a large number of stocks or mother plants with the same agronomic characteristics as the original plant and CS-free in 70 to 75 days.
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