Screening rhizoma peanut for adaptation to calcareous soils
1991
Reed, R.L. | Ocumpaugh, W.R.
Iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis has been observed in rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) under field conditions in south Texas. Calcareous soils which can induce chlorosis occur in several regions of the world where this forage legume has the potential to be grown. Twenty-five rhizoma peanut genotypes (23 Plant Introductions plus 'Florigaze' and 'Arbrook') were evaluated for Fe-deficiency chlorosis and other agronomic characteristics in 1989-90 on a pH 8.0 Parrita sandy clay loam (clayey, mixed, hyperthermic, shallow Petrocalcic Paleustolls) in the greenhouse. Genotypes differed in chlorosis expression and were scored (1 = no chlorosis to 5 = very chlorotic) on Mar. 19 and Apr. 16, 1990. On April 16, 1990, five genotypes showed resistance to chlorosis (score less than or equal to 1.5) that was equal to, or better than Florigraze (score = 1.63, LSD .05 = 0.44). Arbrook was intermediate in susceptibility (score = 2.38) while six lines were very susceptible (score greater than or equal to 3.0). Genotypes also varied with respect to other measurements taken. High yielding lines were Arbrook, 35, 42, and 64, while Florigraze was intermediate in dry matter production. Two genotypes averaged 26 shoots per pot, while five lines had less than 10 shoots per pot. Arbrook and line 35 measured > 20 cm tall on April 16 while eight genotypes were < 8 cm. When greenhouse chlorosis scores were compared to scores of the same genotypes grown on two different calcareous soils (pH 7.8 and 8.4) in the field (irrigated to enhance chlorosis), resulting chlorosis scores were highly correlated (r = 0.62). Results indicate that greenhouse evaluation of rhizoma peanut would be useful for screening for resistance to Fe-deficiency chlorosis and some agronomic characteristics.
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