Inhibitory Effect of Allium hookeri Root Extract on Melanogenesis in Murine B16F10 Melanoma Cells
2023
Moon, H.R. | Yun, J.M.
Melanin is a natural pigment produced by cells that prevent damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. The overproduction or abnormal distribution of melanin results in skin disorders and cosmetic complications. Allium hookeri (A. hookeri) is a perennial herbaceous evergreen plant having various physiological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-hyperlipidemia. However, the effect of A. hookeri extract on melanogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the inhibitory effect of A. hookeri extract on α-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. Effects of the extracts at the cellular level were examined by first determining the viability of treated melanoma cells using the MTT assay. Non-toxic concentrations of the A. hookeri extracts were used in subsequent experiments. To determine the whitening effect, we measured the tyrosinase-inhibitory activity of A. hookeri hot water extract (AHWE) and 80% ethanol extract (AHEE). Exposure to both AHWE and AHEE resulted in increased tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, both AHWE- and AHEE-treated melanoma cells showed a dose-dependent decrease in melanin content. We next determined the effects of both extracts on protein expression levels of tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), TRP2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Exposure to both extracts decreased the TRP1, TRP2, and MITF in the B16F10 cell line, resulting in lower levels of melanin production compared to the α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells. Taken together, our results indicate that both AHWE and AHEE are potential candidates for preventing and inhibiting melanogenesis in B16F10 cells.
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