Nulliparity affects the expression of a limited number of genes and pathways in Day 8 equine embryos
2022
Derisoud, E. | Jouneau, L. | Archilla, Catherine | Jaszczyszyn, Y. | Legendre, R. | Daniel, Nathalie | Peynot, Nathalie, N. | Dahirel, Michèle | Auclair-Ronzaud, J. | Duranthon, V. | Chavatte-Palmer, P. | Biologie de la Reproduction, Environnement, Epigénétique & Développement (BREED) ; École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB ; Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) | Station experimentale des Haras Nationaux [Plateau technique de Chamberet] ; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation | This work was supported by the "Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation" (grant numbers CS_2018_23, 2018). The National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) department Animal Physiology and Breeding Systems also supported this research
Nulliparous mares produce lighter and smaller foals compared to mares having previously foaled, with effects observed at least until 4 months of age. The need for a first gestation priming for the uterus to reach its full capacity has been proposed to explain this observation. Embryo developmental defects could be hypothesized but effects of maternal parity on the embryo have only been described once, in old mares, thus combining effects of parity and old age. The aim of this study was to determine effects of mare parity on embryo gene expression. Day-8 post ovulation blastocysts were collected from young (5/6 years old) nulliparous (YN, N=6) or multiparous (YM, N=4) non-nursing Saddlebred mares, inseminated with the semen of one stallion. Pure (TE_part) or inner-cell-mass-enriched (ICMandTE) trophoblast were obtained by embryo bisection for RNA sequencing (paired end, non-oriented, Illumina, NextSeq500). Deconvolution was performed on the ICMandTE dataset. Differential expression, with embryo sex and diameter as cofactors and gene set enrichment analysis (GO BP, KEGG, REACTOME databases) were performed using a false discovery rate <0.05 cutoff. Only a few genes were altered (ICM: n=18; TE: n=6) but several gene sets were perturbed (ICM: n=62; TE: n=50) by maternal parity. In YM, only pathways related to transcription, RNA processing and vesicle transport functions were enriched in the ICM whereas only pathways related to RNA localization were enriched in TE. In YN, while only gene sets related to ribosomes and extracellular matrix were enriched in the ICM, functions related to energy and lipid metabolism, lipid transport and interleukin-1 signaling were enriched in the TE. In conclusion, several genes and pathways are affected in embryos collected from nulliparous mares, with different effects on TE and ICM. Embryo development is altered in nulliparous mares, which could partially explain the term phenotype. Whether differences in gene expression result/induce poor embryo-maternal communication remains to be determined.
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