Chemical composition of Moringa oleifera and cruciferous plants and their anti-inflammatory properties

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a tropical tree that has been traditionally used for food, medicine and industrial purposes. All parts of the tree have been utilized and have biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, wound healing, cardiovascular, anti-asthmatic, hepatoprotective, protection of the central nervous system and more. The leaves and seeds of moringa are particularly rich in phytochemicals, including glucosinolates and isothiocyanates (ITCs). Glucosinolates are inactive precursors that are hydrolyzed into bioactive ITCs. Isothiocyanates, such as 4-(α-Lrhamnopyranosyloxy) benzyl isothiocyanate (moringa isothiocyanate 1, or MIC-1), are known for their diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. The unique sugar moiety in moringa’s ITCs contributes to its stability and distinct properties compared to other cruciferous vegetables. In vitro models, such as the TIM-1 model and in vivo murine models demonstrate MIC-1’s bioaccessibility and bioavailability, with no statistical difference in state. Inflammation, as a defense mechanism, is implicated in a wide range of diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, cardiovascular disease, arthritis and multiple sclerosis. In vivo models were used to evaluate the efficacy of MIC-1 against acute skin inflammation, which inhibited the inflammatory pathway. Additional studies into Moringa oleifera seed extract effects on acute inflammation can contribute to future development of therapies managing chronic inflammatory conditions.