Optimization of bioactive components of ultrasound treated white grape juice

Grapes are among the most commonly produced fruits worldwide, thanks to their ease of cultivation in terms of climate and soil requirements. Owing to their abundant vitamins, bioactive compounds and minerals incorporating them into one’s diet is advised for promoting human health. The bioactive components of ultrasound-treated white grape juice were optimised by response surface methodology (RSM). In addition, untreated white grape juice (C-WGJ), ultrasound treated white grape juice (U-WGJ) and thermally pasteurized white grape juice (P-WGJ) samples were compared for total phenolics compound (mg GAE/L), total flavonoids (mg CE/L) and DPPH (% Inhibition) parameters. The scientific investigation employed RSM, a widely favored approach. During the study, ultrasound process parameters such as amplitude (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80%) and duration (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes) were manipulated. The responses to the process application were assessed through analyses of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl Hydrazyl). The model achieved commendably high R2 values following optimization through RSM. One-way ANOVA for DPPH value, TFC and TPC of samples, both amplitude and duration exhibited statistically significant effects (p<0.001). The effectiveness of ultrasound treatment in increasing bioactive components in untreated white grape juice is higher than thermal pasteurization treatment. Through the optimization process, the best bioactive values for white grape juice were achieved, measuring 42.3 mg CE/L for TFC, 55.5% inhibition for DPPH and 440.3 mg GAE/L for TPC. Ultrasound applied to white grape juice proved to be more effective in preserving and enhancing bioactive compounds than thermal pasteurization. Consequently, the findings suggest the need for further investigations to assess the impacts of both thermal pasteurization and ultrasound technology on additional quality parameters of white grape juice.