Addressing global ruminant agricultural challenges through understanding the rumen microbiome: Past, present, and future
2018
Huws, Sharon A. | Creevey, Christopher J. | Oyama, Linda B. | Mizrahi, Itzhak | Denman, Stuart E. | Popova, Milka | Munoz Tamayo, Rafael | Forano, Evelyne | Waters, Sinead M. | Hess, Matthias | Tapio, Ilma | Smidt, Hauke | Krizsan, Sophie J. | Yáñez-Ruiz, David R. | Belanche, Alejandro | Guan, Leluo | Gruninger, Robert J. | Mcallister, Tim A. | Newbold, C. Jamie | Roehe, Rainer | Dewhurst, Richard J. | Snelling, Tim J. | Watson, Mick | Suen, Garret | Hart, Elizabeth H. | Kingston-Smith, Alison H. | Scollan, Nigel D. | Do Prado, Rodolpho M. | Pilau, Eduardo J. | Mantovani, Hilario C. | Attwood, Graeme T. | Edwards, Joan E. | Mcewan, Neil R. | Morrisson, Steven | Mayorga, Olga L. | Elliott, Christopher | Morgavi, Diego | Institute for Global Food Security [Belfast] ; Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB) | Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev ; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Agriculture and Food ; Queensland Bioscience Precinct | Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS) | Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDIS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]) | Animal and Bioscience Research Department ; Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority | College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences ; University of California [Davis] (UC Davis) ; University of California (UC)-University of California (UC) | Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE) | Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences [Wageningen] ; Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden ; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) | Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science ; University of Alberta | Lethbridge Research and Development Centre ; Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC) | Scotland's Rural College (SRUC) | The Rowett Institute ; University of Aberdeen | The Roslin Institute and the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS) ; The University of Edinburgh | Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) ; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University | Laboratório de Biomoléculas e Espectrometria de Massas-Labiomass, Departamento de Química ; Universidade Estadual de Maringá [Brasil] = State University of Maringá [Brazil] = Université d'État de Maringá [Brésil] (UEM) | Department of Microbiology ; Nippon Dental University | Grasslands Research Centre ; AgResearch Limited | Laboratory of Microbiology ; Northern Regional Institution of Hungarian National Public Health and Medical Officer Service | School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences ; Robert Gordon University (RGU) | Sustainable Livestock ; Agri Food and Biosciences Institute | Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation | EU H2020 Marie Curie Fellowship 706899 | European Project: 640384,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,RuMicroPlas(2016)
The rumen is a complex ecosystem composed of anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, fungi, methanogenic archaea and phages. These microbes interact closely to breakdown plant material that cannot be digested by humans, whilst providing metabolic energy to the host and, in the case of archaea, producing methane. Consequently, ruminants produce meat and milk, which are rich in high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals, and therefore contribute to food security. As the world population is predicted to reach approximately 9.7 billion by 2050, an increase in ruminant production to satisfy global protein demand is necessary, despite limited land availability, and whilst ensuring environmental impact is minimized. Although challenging, these goals can be met, but depend on our understanding of the rumen microbiome. Attempts to manipulate the rumen microbiome to benefit global agricultural challenges have been ongoing for decades with limited success, mostly due to the lack of a detailed understanding of this microbiome and our limited ability to culture most of these microbes outside the rumen. The potential to manipulate the rumen microbiome and meet global livestock challenges through animal breeding and introduction of dietary interventions during early life have recently emerged as promising new technologies. Our inability to phenotype ruminants in a high-throughput manner has also hampered progress, although the recent increase in “omic” data may allow further development of mathematical models and rumen microbial gene biomarkers as proxies. Advances in computational tools, high-throughput sequencing technologies and cultivation-independent “omics” approaches continue to revolutionize our understanding of the rumen microbiome. This will ultimately provide the knowledge framework needed to solve current and future ruminant livestock challenges.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]الكلمات المفتاحية الخاصة بالمكنز الزراعي (أجروفوك)
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