PGR5-PGRL1-Dependent Cyclic Electron Transport Modulates Linear Electron Transport Rate in Arabidopsis thaliana
2016
Suorsa, Marjaana | Rossi, Fabio | Tadini, Luca | Labs, Mathias | Colombo, Monica | Jahns, Peter | Kater, Martin M. | Leister, Dario | Finazzi, Giovanni | Aro, Eva-Mari | Barbato, Roberto | Pesaresi, Paolo | Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology ; University of Turku | Dipartimento di Bioscienze ; Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR) | Department Biology I, Plant Molecular Biology (Botany) ; Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU) | Centro Ricerca e Innovazione ; Edmund Mach Foundation (FEM) | Plant Biochemistry ; Georg-August-University of Göttingen = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen | Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG) ; Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) | Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]) | Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Vita ; Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale - Amedeo Avogadro (UPO) | Academy of Finland [271832, 273870]
Plants need tight regulation of photosynthetic electron transport for survival and growth under environmental and metabolic conditions. For this purpose, the linear electron transport (LET) pathway is supplemented by a number of alternative electron transfer pathways and valves. In Arabidopsis, cyclic electron transport (CET) around photosystem I (PSI), which recycles electrons from ferrodoxin to plastoquinone, is the most investigated alternative route. However, the interdependence of LET and CET and the relative importance of CET remain unclear, largely due to the difficulties in precise assessment of the contribution of CET in the presence of LET, which dominates electron flow under physiological conditions. We therefore generated Arabidopsis mutants with a minimal water-splitting activity, and thus a low rate of LET, by combining knockout mutations in PsbO1, PsbP2, PsbQ1, PsbQ2, and PsbR loci. The resulting Δ5 mutant is viable, although mature leaves contain only ∼ 20% of wild-type naturally less abundant PsbO2 protein. Δ5 plants compensate for the reduction in LET by increasing the rate of CET, and inducing a strong non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) response during dark-to-light transitions. To identify the molecular origin of such a high-capacity CET, we constructed three sextuple mutants lacking the qE component of NPQ (Δ5 npq4-1), NDH-mediated CET (Δ5 crr4-3), or PGR5-PGRL1-mediated CET (Δ5 pgr5). Their analysis revealed that PGR5-PGRL1-mediated CET plays a major role in ΔpH formation and induction of NPQ in C3 plants. Moreover, while pgr5 dies at the seedling stage under fluctuating light conditions, Δ5 pgr5 plants are able to survive, which underlines the importance of PGR5 in modulating the intersystem electron transfer.
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