Penghambatan Pertumbuhan Bakteri Vibrio parahaemolyticus Menggunakan Bakteriofag yang Diisolasi dari Air Budidaya Udang di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya | Inhibition of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Bacteria Growth Using Bacteriophages Isolated from Shrimp Farming Water in Tasikmalaya District

Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Vibrio diantaranya adalah penyakit vibriosis dan acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) yang menyerang komoditas udang dalam budidaya. Penggunaan antibiotik tertentu sudah dilarang dalam praktik budidaya sehingga kedepannya diperlukan alternatif pengobatan penyakit bakterial yang ramah lingkungan. Bakteriofag merupakan virus yang menginfeksi dan bereplikasi di dalam sel bakteri. Bakteriofag tipe litik dapat menyebabkan kematian bakteri targetnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat bakteriofag dari air budidaya udang di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini yaitu kontrol negatif (K-), kontrol positif (K+), isolat bakteriofag Tasikmalaya (FT), dan antibiotik tetracycline (TC). Isolat bakteriofag berhasil diisolasi dari sumber air budidaya udang di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Bakteriofag menunjukan aktivitas litik terhadap bakteri patogen V. parahaemolyticus, ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya plak bening pada permukaan media agar. Isolat bakteriofag Tasikmalaya dengan konsentrasi 103 PFU mL-1 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri V. parahaemolyticus secara in vitro, yaitu perlakuan FT menekan kepadatan bakteri sebesar 11,52% dari perlakuan K+. Adapun secara in vivo menggunakan hewan model Artemia yaitu mendapatkan nilai survival rate 91,11±1,57% pada perlakuan FT dan berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan K+ yang hanya 67,78±6,85%.

Diseases caused by Vibrio bacteria include vibriosis and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) which attack shrimp commodities in aquaculture. The use of certain antibiotics has been prohibited in aquaculture practices so that in the future, alternative treatments that are environmentally friendly against bacterial diseases are needed. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and replicate within bacterial cells. The lytic type bacteriophage can cause the death of the target bacteria. This study aims to obtain bacteriophage isolates from shrimp farming water in Tasikmalaya District which can inhibit the growth of the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The treatments in this study were negative control (K-), positive control (K+), Tasikmalaya bacteriophage isolate (FT), and tetracycline antibiotics (TC). Bacteriophage isolates were isolated from water sources in shrimp ponds in Tasikmalaya District. Bacteriophages showed lytic activity against the pathogenic bacterium V. parahaemolyticus, indicated by the formation of clear plaques on the surface of the agar medium. Tasikmalaya bacteriophage isolate with a concentration of 103 PFU mL-1 was able to inhibit the growth of V. parahaemolyticus bacteria in vitro, namely FT treatment suppressed bacterial density by 11,52% against K+ treatment. Artemia animal model in vivo obtained a survival rate of 91,11±1,57% in the FT treatment and significantly different from the K+ treatment which was only 67,78±6,85%.