Severity of gall rust disease: the case of Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby and Grimes-based agroforestry systems in Northern Mindanao, Philippines
2023
Palma, R.A. | Tiongco, L.E. | Canencia, O.P. | Boniao, R.D. | Florida, E.J.D. | Dagonio, J.Y.
Falcata-based agroforestry systems in Misamis Oriental [Philippines] are mostly infected by the gall rust pathogen. There is a need to widen the understanding of the disease and help farmers produce high-quality timber from their agroforestry systems. The study was conducted from April 2018 to March 2020 to assess the severity of gall rust disease at different sites in eastern Misamis Oriental and determine the relationships between gall rust severity and selected environmental factors. The sampling intensity was 10%, or 1,000 sq m of one hectare at each site. Twenty temporary sample plots per municipality/city were delineated with a total of 136 plots. Each plot contained 15-70 trees, which were assessed in terms of symptoms of gall rust infection. Disease severity was calculated based on Chester (1959) and Rahayu et al. (2018). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis were performed using the Minitab and STATA 10 statistical softwares, respectively. Statistically, gall rust severity in falcata did not vary significantly at 5% level (p = 0.903) among the agroforestry systems. However, falcata planted under the Taungya system has a low disease severity of 12.88% while those under monoculture, woodlot, intercropping/multistorey, and alley cropping systems have a low to medium infection (21-26 %). The mean disease severity across the site is low (24.82 %). The severity of the disease is higher at 400 masl and over. Elevation, spacing, temperature, and age were directly correlated with severity of the falcata gall rust disease in the province. At the above-mentioned elevation, farmers should be more vigilant and conduct regular monitoring, proper pruning, and seed sourcing.
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