Integrated Approach to Development in Protected Natural Resources

Tourism is a complex and heterogeneous process, and by planning, it is necessary to integrate the development of all its segments, elements and components into one whole. Every process will function better and be more efficient, if its planning is approached in an integral way, connection, cooperation and coordination of all its constituent and parts are established. The process of integral tourism planning is a complex process that depends on the policy at the national, regional and local level when adopting strategic plans, projects, studies and action programs. The spatial planning aspect is the most suitable tool for solving contradictions and conflicts, differences and similarities, between the environment on the one hand, and the tourism industry (tourists) on the other. The main goal is to achieve a balance between conflicts, that is, to establish an “ecological balanceˮ by applaying the concept of sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development of tourism in the international framework gained much more importance in contrast to the poor and developing countries, from experts from different domains of research and tourism industry in the early 80s. During the period, in strategies, projects, studies and plans of special purpose areas, greater emphasis is placed on environmental protection, as opposed to economic, social and cultural factors. Strategic environmental impact assessment and development control mechanisms are becoming and integral sector in the tourism planning of protected natural resources. Examples in the world and in Europe show the integration of ecotourism, that is, an integral part with the concept of sustainable development, without endangering the environment (degradation and devastation). For the achieved results, they use various instruments, programs, measures and adequate laws at the national, regional and local level. Planning is focused on the development of economic policy, the creation of long-term, medium-term and short-term spatial plans of special purpose areas, the adoption of projects, strategies and studies that are necessary for the development and management of sustainable (ecological) tourism.