Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

Qiu, Tong; Andrus, Robert; Aravena, Marie-Claire; Ascoli, Davide; Bergeron, Yves; Berretti, Roberta; Berveiller, Daniel; Bogdziewicz, Michal; Boivin, Thomas; Bonal, Raúl; Bragg, Don C.; Lutz, James A.; Macías, Diana; McIntire, Eliot J B; Moore, Christopher M.; Moran, Emily; Motta, Renzo; Myers, Jonathan A.; Nagel, Thomas A.; Noguchi, Kyotaro; Ourcival, Jean-Marc; Parmenter, Robert; Pearse, Ian S.; Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel; Piechnik, Lukasz; Poulsen, John; Poulton-Kamakura, Renata; Redmond, Miranda D.; Reid, Chantal D.; Rodman, Kyle C.; Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco; Sanguinetti, Javier D.; Schlesinger, William H.; Schmidt Van Marle, Harald; Seget, Barbara; Sharma, Shubhi; Silman, Miles; Steele, Michael A.; Stephenson, Nathan L.; Straub, Jacob N.; Sun, I-Fang; Sutton, Samantha; Swenson, Jennifer; Swift, Margaret; Thomas, Peter A.; Uriarte, María; Vacchiano, Giorgio; Veblen, Thomas T.; Whipple, Amy V.; Whitham, Thomas G.; Wion, Andreas P.; Wright, Boyd; Wright, S. Joseph; Zhu, Kai; Zimmerman, Jess K.; Zlotin, Roman; Zywiec, Magdalena; Clark, James S.; Scher, C. Lane; Caignard, Thomas; Calama Sainz, Rafael A.; Camarero, Jesús Julio; Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao; Cleavitt, Natalie L; Courbaud, Benoit; Courbet, François; Curt, Thomas; Das, Adrian J.; Daskalakou, Evangelia; Davi, Hendrik; Delpierre, Nicolas; Delzon, Sylvain; Dietze, Michael; Calderon, Sergio Donoso; Dormont, Laurent; Espelta, Josep Maria; Fahey, Timothy J.; Farfan-Rios, William; Gehring, Catherine; Gilbert, Gregory S.; Gratzer, Georg; Greenberg, Cathryn H.; Guo, Qinfeng; Hacket-Pain, Andrew; Hampe, Arndt; Han, Qingmin; Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke; Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko; Ibáñez, Inés; Johnstone, Jill F.; Journé, Valentin; Kabeya, Daisuke; Kilner, Christopher L.; Kitzberger, Thomas; Knops, Johannes M. H.; Kobe, Richard K.; Kunstler, Georges; Lageard, Jonathan G. A.; LaMontagne, Jalene M.; Ledwon, Mateusz; Lefèvre, François; Leininger, Theodor; Limousin, Jean-Marc; National Science Foundation; Belmont Forum; NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; W. Szafer Institute of Botany; Polish Academy of Sciences; National Science Centre; US Forest Service; Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X]; Andrus, Robert [0000-0003-0968-8377]; Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396]; Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467]; Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687]; Berretti, Roberta 0000-0002-1944-8855][; Berveiller, Daniel [0000-0001-7461-6420]; Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034]; Bonal, Raúl [0000-0002-6084-1771]; Bragg, Don C. [0000-0002-5207-8606]; Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613]; Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594]; Camarero, J. Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922]; Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946]; Cleavitt, Natalie L [0000-0003-0425-2486]; Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559]; Courbet, François [0000-0002-9438-6746]; Curt, Thomas [0000-0002-2654-3009]; Adrian, Das [0000-0002-3937-2616]; Daskalakou, Evangelia [0000-0002-5190-1023]; Davi, Hendrik [0000-0001-8828-3145]; Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402]; Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711]; Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518]; Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-4599-4702]; Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625]; Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988]; Fahey, Timothy J [0000-0003-1283-1162]; Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317]; Gehring, Catherine A. [0000-0002-9393-9556]; Gilbert, Gregory S. [0000-0002-5195-9903]; Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562]; Greenberg, Cathryn H. [0000-0002-2831-0989]; Guo,Qinfeng  [0000-0002-4375-4916]; Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568]; Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784]; Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068]; Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129]; Ibáñez, Inés[0000-0002-1054-0727]; Johnstone, Jill F. [0000-0001-6131-9339]; Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002]; Kabeya, Daisuke [0000-0002-3420-199X]; Kilner, Christopher L. [0000-0001-8808-8868]; Kitzberger, Thomas [0000-0002-9754-4121]; Knops, Johannes M.H. [0000-0002-9647-9209]; Kobe, Richard K. [0000-0002-0943-9613]; Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940]; Lageard, Jonathan G. A. [0000-0001-8971-0444]; LaMontagne, Jalene M. [0000-0001-7713-8591]; Ledwon, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376]; Lefèvre, François [0000-0003-2242-7251]; Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656]; Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495]; Lutz, James A. [0000-0002-2560-0710]; McIntire, Eliot J B [0000-0002-6914-8316]; Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910]; Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840]; Myers, Jonathan A. [0000-0002-2058-8468]; Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218]; Ourcival, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-3557-3496]; Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824]; Pearse, Ian S. [0000-0001-7098-0495]; Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M [0000-0003-2332-7818]; Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393]; Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808]; Poulton-Kamakura, Renata [0000-0002-2516-8702]; Redmond, Miranda D. [0000-0002-4657-7943]; Reid, Chantal D. [0000-0002-3811-4076]; Rodman, Kyle C. [0000-0001-9538-8412]; Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco [0000-0002-7981-1599]; Schlesinger, William H [0000-0002-1391-0885]; Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X]; Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844]; Stephenson, Nathan L [0000-0003-0208-7229]; Sun, I-Fang [0000-0001-9749-8324]; Sutton, Samantha [0000-0002-1491-7763]; Swenson, Jennifer [0000-0002-2069-667X]; Thomas, Peter A. [0000-0003-3115-3301]; Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758]; Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659]; Veblen, Thomas T. [0000-0002-3037-640X]; Wion, Andreas P. [0000-0002-0701-2843]; Wright, Boyd [0000-0002-6322-4904]; Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676]; Zimmerman, Jess K. [0000-0002-8179-0731]; Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317]; Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051]; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]

Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

2022

12 Pág.

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The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential.

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The project has been funded continuously since 1992 by National Science Foundation grants to J.S.C, most recently DEB-1754443, and by the Belmont Forum (1854976), NASA (AIST16-0052, AIST18-0063), and the Programme d’Investissement d’Avenir under project FORBIC (18-MPGA-0004)(Make Our Planet Great Again). Puerto Rico data were funded by NSF grants to M.U., most recently, DEB 0963447 and LTREB 11222325. Data from the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF LTREB 1754647 to M.S. Additional funding to M.Z. came from the W.Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish National Science Foundation (2019/33/B/NZ8/0134). M.B. was supported by the Polish National Science Centre grant no. 2019/35/D/NZ8/00050, and Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001. J.M.L. was supported by NSF grant DEB 1745496. Jerry Franklin’s data remain accessible through NSF LTER DEB-1440409. USDA Forest Service and USGS research was funded by those agencies.

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Peer reviewed

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