Dynamics of deep loosener loading during agrotechnical tillage operations

Modern agriculture requires introduction of rational, energy-saving and environmentally friendly agrotechnologies. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the issues of preserving the fertility of agricultural land. One of the problems faced by farmers and agricultural enterprises is excessive soil compaction. This problem has arisen due to the steady tendency of increasing the weight of agricultural machinery, in connection with this negative impact of heavy machinery the subsoil layer is also compacted in addition to the arable layer. The depth of soil compaction depends on the tractor weight, frequency of passes, moisture, type and the condition of soil. Besides repeated passes of machines, soil compaction is also promoted by repeated ploughing of soil to the same depth, which causes formation of so-called plough sole with hardness more than 3.5 MPa. Excessive soil compaction blocks the rise of soil moisture through capillaries from the depth of water-bearing layers. Soil compaction is felt by almost all agricultural crops through limitation of water supply to the root system of plants. One way to combat soil over-compaction is deep loosening or chiselling, sometimes referred to as vertical tillage. Also, soil loosening provides improved water and air regime. Under certain conditions, deep loosening can replace ploughing. The paper studies the loading dynamics of deep loosening machines, which have been used for soil decompaction in tillage systems, which is of scientific and practical interest. To study the dynamics of deep loosener loading, a measuring and registration complex developed at the university was used. This complex allows to control in real time the load parameters of an agricultural machine without interfering with its design.