Potential nutrient contribution of community-based insects in children’s food in northern Ghana

Background Micronutrient deficiencies are a major problem among children in northern Ghana. Available local foods and existing plant-based dietary patterns among children are insufficient to meet children's nutrients requirements. Aside enhancing diets with animal source foods, most of which are expensive for rural households, entomophagy, which is culturally accepted appears to be a great alternative. Objectives This study aims to (1) document the types of insects commonly consumed and the reasons for or against entomophagy in the study area, (2) document the reasons for adding or not adding insects to household meals, and (3) determine the nutrient contribution of community-based insects in children's food. Methods Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were concurrently applied in this exploratory study (n=392 individuals; six focus group discussions) in Northern Ghana. Results Termites, crickets, grasshoppers, and caterpillars were recognized as the most prevalent edible insects in communities. These insects were largely consumed by children but presently only included in household meals by a few households. Individual, sociocultural, sensory characteristics of insects, climate, and economic aspects were cited as grounds for and against entomophagy. Existing community-based children's diets were unable to meet the acceptable Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI)1 level of all nutrients under consideration, especially for zinc, vitamin B12, folate, and fat. Inclusion of community-based edible insects increased RNI levels for all 11 micronutrients considered and met children's zinc, vitamin B12, folate, and fat requirements. Conclusion Community-based insects demonstrated a great potential for meeting micronutrients needs of children in the research setting. Future research is required to improve households' adoption of community-based insects as part of household meals and to make insects accessible to households.