Redes de información y sistemas de innovación agrícolas: hacia un nuevo enfoque de la extensión rural local | Information networks and agricultural innovation systems: towards a new approach to local rural extension

[EN] Rural extension has evolved from a traditional linear approach, towards a systemic model that involves the participation of public and private actors, configuring innovation systems. In this systemic interaction, information network structures are formed where producers establish links with various actors, both local and external to the territory. From the analysis of these networks, it was possible to identify key actors, determining the roles of promoter of innovations, opinion leader, facilitator intermediary and broker intermediary. The identification of actors and their function allows the implementation of a rural extension model at a local scale.

[ES] La extensión rural ha evolucionado desde enfoque lineal tradicional, hacia un modelo sistémico que involucra la participación de actores públicos y privados, configurando sistemas de innovación. En esta interacción sistémica se conforman estructuras de redes de información donde los productores establecen vínculos con diversos actores tanto locales como externos al territorio. A partir del análisis de estas redes, fue posible identificar actores clave, determinando los roles de promotor de innovaciones, líder de opinión, intermediario facilitador e intermediario bróker. La identificación de actores y su función, permite la implementación de un modelo de extensión rural a escala local.

OJS

Ramírez-Gómez, CJ.; Cuevas Reyes, V. (2023). Redes de información y sistemas de innovación agrícolas: hacia un nuevo enfoque de la extensión rural local. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 23(1):157-178. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2023.01.06

1

Aguilar-Gallegos, N., Martínez-González, E., Aguilar-Ávila, J., Santoyo-Cortés, H., Muñoz-Rodríguez, M. & García-Sánchez, E.I. (2016). "Análisis de redes sociales para catalizar la innovación agrícola: de los vínculos directos a la integración y radialidad". Estudios Gerenciales, 32(140), 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2016.06.006

Aguilar-Gallegos, N., Muñoz-Rodríguez, M., Santoyo-Cortés, H., Aguilar-Ávila, J. & Klerkx, L. (2015). Information networks that generate economic value : A study on clusters of adopters of new or improved technologies and practices among oil palm growers in Mexico. Agricultural Systems, 135, 122-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2015.01.003

Aguilar-Gallegos, N., Olvera-Martinez, J., Aguilar-Avila, J., Muñoz-Rodriguez, M. & Santoyo-Cortéz, H. (2017). "La intervención en red para catalizar la innovación agrícola". Revista Hispana Para El Análisis de Redes Sociales, 28(1), 9-31. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/redes.653

Agrosavia. (2019). Calendario de cosecha para aguacate Hass en Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia: Agrosavia, Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria.

Audouin, S., Gazull, L. & Gautier, D. (2018). "Territory matters: Exploring the functioning of an innovation system through the filter of local territorial practices - the example of the adoption of cashew trees in Burkina Faso". Journal of Rural Studies, 63, 130-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.08.007

Avendaño-Ruiz, B.D., Hernández-Alcantar, M.L. & Martínez-Carrasco-Pleite, F. (2017). "Innovaciones tecnológicas en el sector hortícola del noroeste de México: rapidez de adopción y análisis de redes de difusión". Ciencia Y Tecnología Agropecuaria , 18(3), 495-511. https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol18_num3_art:740

Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G. & Freeman, L.C. (2002). Ucinet 6 for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis. User's guide. Massachusetts, USA: Harvard, Analytic Technologies Inc.

Cámara de Comercio de Medellín. (2012). Cadena del Aguacate en Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia: Cámara de Comercio de Medellín.

Cazau, P. (2006). Introducción a la investigación en ciencias sociales. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Rundinuskín.

Chan, K. & Liebowitz, J. (2006). "The synergy of social network analysis and knowledge mapping: A case study". International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 7(1), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMDM.2006.008169

Chowdhury, A.H., Hambly Odame, H. & Leeuwis, C. (2014). "Transforming the Roles of a Public Extension Agency to Strengthen Innovation: Lessons from the National Agricultural Extension Project in Bangladesh". The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 20(1), 7-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2013.803990

Clark, L. (2011). "Seeing the social capital in agricultural innovation systems: Using SNA to visualise bonding and bridging ties in rural communities". Knowledge Management for Development Journal, 6(3), 206-218. https://doi.org/10.1080/19474199.2011.554324

Cofré-Bravo, G., Klerkx, L. & Engler, A. (2019). "Combinations of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital for farm innovation: How farmers configure different support networks". Journal of Rural Studies, 29, 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.04.004

Cuevas-Reyes, V., Espejel-García, A., Barrera-Rodríguez, A.I. & Sosa-Montes, M. (2014). "Social networks and stakeholders for the diffusion of innovations and knowledge in rural areas". Spanish Journal of Rural Development, 5(4), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.5261/2014.GEN4.01

de Roo, N., Amede, T., Elias, E., Almekinders, C. & Leeuwis, C. (2021). "Diffusion of agricultural knowledge in Southern Ethiopia: Finding the real opinion leaders through network analysis". The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 29(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1987282

Dolinska, A. & d'Aquino, P. (2016). "Farmers as agents in innovation systems. Empowering farmers for innovation through communities of practice". Agricultural Systems, 142, 122-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2015.11.009

Eastwood, C., Klerkx, L. & Nettle, R. (2017). "Dynamics and distribution of public and private research and extension roles for technological innovation and diffusion: Case studies of the implementation and adaptation of precision farming technologies". Journal of Rural Studies, 49, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.11.008

Espejel-García, A.E., Rodríguez, A.I.B., Cuevas-Reyes, V., Moncada, M.C.Y. & Venegas, J.A.V. (2017). "Sistemas de innovación y patrones de interacción local en el sector rural en México". Revista Electrónica Nova Scientia, 9(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.21640/ns.v9i19.827

Fieldsend, A.F., Cronin, E., Varga, E., Biró, S. & Rogge, E. (2021). "'Sharing the space'in the agricultural knowledge and innovation system: Multi-actor innovation partnerships with farmers and foresters in Europe". The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 27(4), 423-442. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1873156

Freeman, L. (1979). "Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification". Social Networks, 1(3), 215-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8733(78)90021-7

Gandasari, D., Dwidienawati, D., Tjahjana, D., Sugiarto, M. & Faisal, M. (2022). "Social Network Analysis: Local and Global Centrality as the Communication Network Structure in the Beef Cattle Farmer Groups". International Journal of Industrial Engineering, 33(2), 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22068/ijiepr.33.2.12

Gardeazabal, A., Lunt, T., Jahn, M.M., Verhulst, N., Hellin, J. & Govaerts, B. (2021). "Knowledge management for innovation in agri-food systems: A conceptual framework". Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 21(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2021.1884010

Giampietri, E., Yu, X. & Trestini, S. (2020). "The role of trust and perceived barriers on farmer's intention to adopt risk management tools". Bio-Based and Applied Economics Journal, 9, 1-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.308833

Hall, A. (2006). Public Private Sector Partnerships in an Agricultural System of Innovation: Concepts and Challenges. Obtenido de: United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and social Research and training centre on Innovation and Technology: https://www.merit.unu.edu/publications/wppdf/2006/wp2006-002.pdf https://doi.org/10.1386/ijtm.5.1.3/1

Hellin, J. (2012). "Agricultural extension, collective action and innovation systems: Lessons on network brokering from Peru and Mexico". The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 18(2), 141-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2012.655967

Hermans, F., Sartas, M., Van Schagen, B., van Asten, P. & Schut, M. (2017). "Social network analysis of multi-stakeholder platforms in agricultural research for development: Opportunities and constraints for innovation and scaling". PloS One, 12(2), e0169634. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169634

Hermans, F., Klerkx, L. & Roep, D. (2015). "Structural conditions for collaboration and learning in innovation networks: Using an innovation system performance lens to analyse agricultural knowledge systems". The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 21(1), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2014.991113

Hernández, A. & Fernández, M. (2019). Potencialidades en la producción de aguacate Hass en el Departamento de Antioquia. Obtenido de: Escuela de Economía y Finanzas. Universidad EAFIT. Medellín, Colombia: http://hdl.handle.net/10784/13317

Isaac, M.E. (2012). "Agricultural information exchange and organizational ties: The effect of network topology on managing agrodiversity". Agricultural Systems, 109, 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2012.01.011

Joyce, K.E., Laurienti, P.J., Burdette, J.H. & Hayasaka, S. (2010). "A new measure of centrality for brain networks". PLoS ONE, 5(8), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012200

Klerkx, L., Hall, A. & Leeuwis, C. (2009). "Strengthening agricultural innovation capacity: Are innovation brokers the answer?". International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, 8(5-6), 409-438. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJARGE.2009.032643

Koutsouris, A. (2014). "Exploring the emerging intermediation roles (facilitation and brokerage) in agricultural extension education". International Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2014, 21-37.

Landini, F. & Beramendi, M. (2019). "Construction and validation of a psychometric scale to assess extension agents' beliefs about extension and innovation". The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 25(5), 381-399. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2019.1643748

Landini, F., Brites, W. & Rebolé, M.I.M. (2017). "Towards a new paradigm for rural extensionists' in-service training". Journal of Rural Studies, 51, 158-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.02.010

Leeuwis, C. (2004). "Fields of conflict and castles in the air. Some thoughts and observations on the role of communication in public sphere innovation processes". Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 10(2), 62-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/13892240485300111

Maertens, A. & Barrett, C.B. (2013). "Measuring social networks' effects on agricultural technology adoption". American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 95(2), 353-359. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aas049

Magala, D.B., Najjingo Mangheni, M. & Miiro, R.F. (2019). "Actor social networks as knowledge sharing mechanisms in multi-stakeholder processes: a case of coffee innovation platforms of Uganda". The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 25(4), 323-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2019.1629971

Marsden, P.V. (2002). "Egocentric and sociocentric measures of network centrality". Social Networks, 24(4), 407-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8733(02)00016-3

Maulu, S., Hasimuna, O.J., Mutale, B., Mphande, J. & Siankwilimba, E. (2021). "Enhancing the role of rural agricultural extension programs in poverty alleviation: A review". Cogent Food & Agriculture, 7(1), 1886663. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1886663

Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural. (2016). Plan estratégico de ciencia, tecnología e innovación del sector agropecuario Colombiano: Cadena de Aguacate. Obtenido de Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/1396

Monge, M., Hartwich, F. & Halgin, D. (2008). How change agents and social capital influence the adoption of innovations among small farmers: Evidence from social networks in rural Bolivia. Obtenido de: International Service for National Agricultural Research Division: https://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/10125/filename/10126.pdf

Monge, M. & Hartwich, F. (2008). "Análisis de Redes Sociales aplicado al estudio de los procesos de innovación agrícola". Revista Hispana de Redes Sociales, 14(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/redes.118

Morgan, S.L. (2011). "Social Learning among Organic Farmers and the Application of the Communities of Practice Framework". The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 17(1), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2011.536362

Nettle, R., Klerkx, L., Faure, G. & Koutsouris, A. (2017). "Governance dynamics and the quest for coordination in pluralistic agricultural advisory systems". The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 23(3), 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2017.1320638

OECD. (2014). Innovation and Modernising the Rural Economy. Obtenido de: OECD Publishing: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264205390-en

Onumah, J.A., Asante, F.A. & Osei, R.D. (2021). "Actor roles and linkages in the agricultural innovation system: Options for establishing a cocoa innovation platform in Ghana". Innovation and Development, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/2157930X.2021.1965752

Oreszczyn, S., Lane, A. & Carr, S. (2010). "The role of networks of practice and webs of influencers on farmers' engagement with and learning about agricultural innovations". Journal of Rural Studies, 26(4), 404-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2010.03.003

Pamuk, H., Bulte, E. & Adekunle, A. (2014). "Do decentralized innovation systems promote agricultural technology adoption? Experimental evidence from Africa". Food Policy, 44, 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.09.015

Ragasa, C., Ulimwengu, J., Randriamamonjy, J. & Badibanga, T. (2016). "Factors affecting performance of agricultural extension: Evidence from Democratic Republic of Congo". The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 22(2), 113-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2015.1026363

Rajalahti, R., Janssen, W. & Pehu, E. (2008). Agricultural innovation systems: From diagnostics toward operational practices systems. Obtenido de: Agriculture & Rural Development Department, World Bank: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/381521468138591604/pdf/434350NWP0ARDD1Box0327368B01PUBLIC1.pdf

Ramírez-Gómez, C.J., Espinosa, H.R. & Betancur, F.R. (2023). "Farmer, Learning and Teaching: A cluster analysis of technology adopters in avocado farming in Colombia". Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 26(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.4434

Ramírez-Gómez, C.J., Velasquez, J.R. & Aguilar-Avila, J. (2020). "Trust networks and innovation dynamics of small farmers in Colombia: An approach from territorial system of agricultural innovation". Revista de La Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo, 2(52), 253-266.

Ramirez, M., Bernal, P., Clarke, I. & Hernandez, I. (2018). "The role of social networks in the inclusion of small-scale producers in agri-food developing clusters". Food Policy, 77, 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2018.04.005

Rendón, M.R., Aguilar, A.J., Muñoz, R.M. & Altamirano, C.J. (2007). Identificación de actores clave para la gestión de la innovación: el uso de redes sociales. Materiales de formación para las agencias de gestión de la innovación. Obtenido de: CIESTAAM-Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (UACH). Chapingo, Estado de México: http://repositorio.chapingo.edu.mx:8080/handle/20.500.12098/262

Rendón-Medel, R., Díaz-José, J., Hernández-Hernández, B. & Carolina, T. (2015). "Modelos de intermediación en la extensión agrícola". Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 6(1), 139-150. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v6i1.745

Rodríguez, H., Ramírez-Gómez, C.J., Aguilar-Gallegos, N. & Aguilar-Ávila, J. (2016). "Network analysis of knowledge building on rural extension in Colombia". Agronomía Colombiana, 34(3), 393. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n3.58500

Sánchez-Caicedo, Y.J. & Restrepo-Escobar, F.E. (2016). "Modelo de estimación en el uso de bioinsumos en la producción de aguacate Hass (Persea americana mills) en el oriente antioqueño". Journal of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, 5(1), 10-24.

Seifu, M., van Paassen, A., Klerkx, L. & Leeuwis, C. (2022). "A state-initiated multi-stakeholder platform as an instrument to build agricultural innovation system capacity: A case study from Ethiopia". Innovation and Development, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/2157930X.2022.2064959

Spielman, D., Davis, K., Negash, M. & Ayele, G. (2011). "Rural innovation systems and networks: Findings from a study of Ethiopian smallholders". Agriculture and Human Values, 28(2), 195-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-010-9273-y

Vinholis, M.D.M.B., Souza Filho, H.M.D. & Carrer, M.J. (2022). "Predictors of the adoption of crop-livestock integration systems in São Paulo and the role of innovation intermediaries". Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural, 61(3), e252894. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9479.2022.252894

Wasserman, S. & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis, methods and apllications. New York, Estados Unidos: Cambridge Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815478

Wejnert, C. (2010). "Social network analysis with respondent-driven sampling data: A study of racial integration on campus". Social Networks, 32(2), 112-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2009.09.002

Wood, B.A., Blair, H.T., Gray, D.I., Kemp, P.D., Kenyon, P.R., Morris, S.T. & Sewell, A.M. (2014). "Agricultural science in the wild: A social network analysis of farmer knowledge exchange". PloS One, 9(8), e105203. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105203

178

157

23