Los macronutrientes nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio, en la producción del cultivo de papaya (Carica papaya L.) en Ecuador.

The objective of this document was to establish the importance of the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the production of papaya crops in Ecuador. Its development was based on the collection of information from virtual libraries, updated texts, magazines and articles, papers, congresses and any scientific bibliographic material. The information collected was subjected to processes of analysis, synthesis and summary. In the cultivation of papaya, nitrogen (N) is essential for the utilization of carbohydrates, to stimulate the development and growth of the plant; phosphorus (P) has a more important effect on photosynthesis, flowering, fruiting, seed formation, fruit ripening and root development; potassium (K) acts as an activator of enzymes responsible for starch synthesis, nitrate reduction and sugar degradation, as well as increasing the resistance of the crop against diseases and, in relation to production, increasing the number of fruits. Nitrogen is responsible for the growth of papaya plants and the green coloration of leaves, it is a constituent of amino acids, being crucial for protein synthesis. The macronutrients most consumed by the papaya crop are nitrogen and potassium, and to a lesser extent phosphorus, all of which are important for development, growth and production. The extraction of nutrients by the aerial organs of the papaya crop are nitrogen (140 kg/ha), phosphorus (13.5 kg/ha) and potassium (145 kg/ha). Applications of 290 kg of nitrogen, 219 kg of P20 and 129 kg of K20 Ha-1 should be made to achieve an adequate yield in the papaya crop.

The objective of this document was to establish the importance of the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the production of papaya crops in Ecuador. Its development was based on the collection of information from virtual libraries, updated texts, magazines and articles, papers, congresses and any scientific bibliographic material. The information collected was subjected to processes of analysis, synthesis and summary. In the cultivation of papaya, nitrogen (N) is essential for the utilization of carbohydrates, to stimulate the development and growth of the plant; phosphorus (P) has a more important effect on photosynthesis, flowering, fruiting, seed formation, fruit ripening and root development; potassium (K) acts as an activator of enzymes responsible for starch synthesis, nitrate reduction and sugar degradation, as well as increasing the resistance of the crop against diseases and, in relation to production, increasing the number of fruits. Nitrogen is responsible for the growth of papaya plants and the green coloration of leaves, it is a constituent of amino acids, being crucial for protein synthesis. The macronutrients most consumed by the papaya crop are nitrogen and potassium, and to a lesser extent phosphorus, all of which are important for development, growth and production. The extraction of nutrients by the aerial organs of the papaya crop are nitrogen (140 kg/ha), phosphorus (13.5 kg/ha) and potassium (145 kg/ha). Applications of 290 kg of nitrogen, 219 kg of P20 and 129 kg of K20 Ha-1 should be made to achieve an adequate yield in the papaya crop.

El presente documento tuvo como objetivo establecer la importancia de los macronutrientes nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio, en la producción del cultivo de papaya en Ecuador. Su desarrollo se basó en la recolección de información de bibliotecas virtuales, textos actualizados, revistas y artículos, ponencias, congresos y de cualquier material bibliográfico de carácter científico. La información recopilada fue sometida a procesos de análisis, síntesis y resumen. En el cultivo de papaya el nitrógeno (N) es esencial para la utilización de los carbohidratos, para estimular el desarrollo y crecimiento de la planta; el fosforo (P), presenta un efecto más importante en la fotosíntesis, floración, fructificación, formación de semillas, maduración de fruto y desarrollo de raíces; el potasio (K) actúa como un activador de enzimas responsables de la síntesis de almidón, reducción de nitratos y degradación de azucares, al igual que incrementa la resistencia del cultivo contra las enfermedades y en relación a la producción aumenta el número de frutos. El nitrógeno es responsable del crecimiento de las plantas de papaya y de la coloración verde de las hojas, es un constituyente de los aminoácidos, siendo crucial para la síntesis de proteínas. Los macronutrientes que más consume el cultivo de papaya son el nitrógeno y potasio, en menos cantidad el fosforo, siendo todos importantes en el desarrollo, crecimiento y producción. La extracción de nutrientes que realizan los órganos aéreos del cultivo de papaya son nitrógeno (140 kg/ha), fosforo (13.5 kg/ha) y potasio (145 kg/ha). Se debe realizarse aplicaciones de 290 kg de nitrógeno, 219 kg de P20 y 129 kg de K20 Ha-1, para lograr un rendimiento adecuado en el cultivo de papaya.