Environmental impacts of reconstruction activities: A case of Lebanon
2009
Nasr D. | Massoud M.A. | Khoury R. | Kabakian V. | Nasr, D., Earth Link and Advanced Resources Development (ELARD), Lebanon | Massoud, M.A., Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon | Khoury, R., Earth Link and Advanced Resources Development (ELARD), Lebanon | Kabakian, V., Lebanese Ministry of Environment, Lebanon | Massoud, M. A.; Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of BeirutLebanon; email: [email protected] | University: American University of Beirut; Faculty: Faculty of Health Sciences; Department: Environmental Health; | Environmental Health | [email protected] | Faculty of Health Sciences | Nasr, D | Massoud, MA | Khoury, R | Kabakian, V | American University of Beirut
Significant damages incurred across Lebanon during the July 2006 war encompassing the destruction of road networks, bridges and overpasses as well as a vast number of dwelling units. It is anticipated that reconstruction works after the war shall unavoidably create a newly founded demand for natural resources, most notably primary and secondary construction material. This paper assesses the war-related impacts of the construction sector on the environment coupled with recommendations for controlling and mitigating these impacts. A cost benefit analysis of four different scenarios for supplying construction material was conducted based on their environmental and fiscal costs as well as their economic benefits and government returns. The Fixed Box Model was applied to estimate air pollutants concentration. Results indicated that the preferred alternative for the supply of cement primarily consists of local manufacturing of 100 percent of the required quantities. With regards to sand and aggregates, the analysis indicated that the preferred alternatives are to either rely on local production or import 25 percent of the required material. The predicted average concentration of Total Suspended Particulates at the southern suburb of Beirut site exceeded the recommended values of the Lebanese, EU, USEPA, and WHO standards.
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-][Anonymous], 1999, AIR POLLUTION CONTRO; *BANK AUD, 2006, FAC CRIT CHALL REST; CAS, 2006, COMP STAT NAT STAT E; Chen Z, 2005, J CONSTR ENG M ASCE, V131, P92, DOI 10.1061-(ASCE)0733-9364(2005)131:1(92); Cheng EWL, 2006, BUILD ENVIRON, V41, P1940, DOI 10.1016-j.buildenv.2005.06.020; Ding GKC, 2008, J ENVIRON MANAGE, V86, P451, DOI 10.1016-j.jenvman.2006.12.025; Duran X, 2006, RESOUR CONSERV RECY, V46, P302, DOI 10.1016-j.resconrec.2005.08.003; Ekanayake L. L., 2000, P STRAT SUST BUILT E; El-Fadel M, 2000, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V257, P133, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(00)00503-9; *ESC, 2006, 1106FSAM ESC; GANGOLELLS M, 2007, P CIB WORLD BUILD C, V1, P2441; *GOL, 2006, STOCKH C LEB EARL RE; *HRC, 2006, 78 HRC SITEREP; LUTHER L, 2008, RL33477 CRS; Massoud MA, 2003, J ENVIRON MANAGE, V69, P15, DOI 10.1016-S0301-4797(03)00104-X; *MOL, 1999, ACT PLAN DEV LEB IND; *OCHA UNEP, 2006, ENV UPD LEB CRIS; *PCM, 2006, LEB ROAD REC REC PER; Rafee N, 2008, INT J ENVIRON RES, V2, P205; SARAF M, 2004, ENV EC SERIES WORLD; Shen L Y, 2002, INT J PROJ MANAG, V20, P535, DOI DOI 10.1016-S0263-7863(01)00054-0; USEPA, 1995, COMP AIR POLL EM FAC, V1; USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1995, CONSTR DEM WAST LAND; Weil M, 2006, WASTE MANAGE RES, V24, P197, DOI 10.1177-0734242X06063686; YAGER T, 2004, MIN IND LEB US GEOL
اظهر المزيد [+] اقل [-]الكلمات المفتاحية الخاصة بالمكنز الزراعي (أجروفوك)
المعلومات البيبليوغرافية
تم تزويد هذا السجل من قبل American University of Beirut