Marker-Assisted Selection for Early Maturing <i>E</i> Loci in Soybean Yielded Prospective Breeding Lines for High Latitudes of Northern Kazakhstan
2023
Raushan Yerzhebayeva | Svetlana Didorenko | Aigul Amangeldiyeva | Aliya Daniyarova | Shynar Mazkirat | Alyona Zinchenko | Yuri Shavrukov
The photoperiodic sensitivity of soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) is one of the limiting factors affecting plant growth and yield. At higher latitudes, early flowering and maturity with neutral reaction to photoperiods are required for adaptation of soybean plants to long-day conditions. Currently, the production and distribution of new varieties of soybeans adapted to widespread agricultural regions in northern Kazakhstan is in strong demand. Eleven soybean hybrid populations were obtained from crosses between 17 parents with four maturity groups, MG 000, 00, 0, and I. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) was assessed for suitable SSR markers and successfully applied for genes <i>E1</i>, <i>E3</i>, <i>E4</i>, and <i>E7</i>, targeting homozygous genotypes with recessive alleles. The identified and selected genotypes were propagated and tested in the conditions of 53° N latitude in the Kostanay region of northern Kazakhstan. Finally, 20 early maturing F<sub>4</sub> breeding lines were identified and developed with genotypes <i>e1 e3 E4 e7</i>, <i>e1 E3 E4 e7</i>, and <i>e1 E3 e4 e7</i>, all completing their growth period within 92–102 days. These breeding lines were developed by MAS and should provide very prospective superior varieties of soybean for northern Kazakhstan through a strategy that may be very helpful to other countries with high latitudes.
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