Knowledge on the Biological and Fisheries Aspects of the Japanese Sardine, <i>Sardinops melanostictus</i> (Schlegel, 1846)

Japanese sardine (<i>Sardinops melanostictus</i>) is a significant small pelagic fish and a valuable resource that plays an essential ecological role in the marine ecosystem. It is present in the far Eastern Asian maritime waters, including the Pacific Ocean, Sea of Japan, and the East China Sea. Encircling nets, particularly purse seines, are the most used fishing equipment to catch this species. Their fishing grounds are located entirely in coastal areas. Japanese sardine catches have shown varying trends over the last five decades, with a high frequency of captures occurring in the 1980s before collapsing in the early 1990s. The economic and ecological importance of this species has prompted much research, which provided additional information about their spawning migration, distribution, fisheries, and biology. This research was mostly undertaken in the Sea of Japan and its adjacent waters spanning in the north Pacific Ocean. Despite all this research and the importance of this species in its habitats and in commercial fisheries, there is a lack of a recent review presenting the status of global fisheries and biological information for this species. This paper summarizes and updates information on the global geographical distribution, biological aspects, trends in catches, stock fluctuations and assessment, and management measures of the Japanese sardine population. This paper also summarizes information related to the influence of environmental factors on the occurrence of this species and also identifies information gaps. Further research directions are also discussed in this work, which may help improve the knowledge of Japanese sardine and establish rational management measures for their conservation.