大豆原油酶法脱胶Enzymatic degumming of crude soybean oil

为促进酶法脱胶的产业化应用，分别采用PLA1单酶脱胶和PLC联用PLA1双酶脱胶对7个批次大豆原油进行脱胶，测定油脂得率、油脚出率、脱胶油磷含量及酸值，并与传统水化法进行比较，考察大豆原油酶法脱胶的效果。结果表明：酶法脱胶油脂得率显著提升，利用PLA1单酶脱胶和PLC联用PLA1双酶脱胶其油脂得率较水化脱胶分别提升了0.86、1.41百分点，且双酶脱胶较单酶脱胶油脂得率也有明显提升，平均提升0.55百分点；酶法脱胶可以将大豆油的磷含量降至10 mg/kg以下，甚至可降至5 mg/kg左右；酶法脱胶的油脚出率较水化脱胶明显降低，单酶脱胶和双酶脱胶分别降低了0.72百分点和1.22百分点，且双酶脱胶较单酶脱胶油脚出率平均降低了0.49百分点；酶法脱胶的酸值（KOH）较传统水化法均有所升高，单酶脱胶和双酶脱胶分别提升了 0.63 mg/g和0.61 mg/g，双酶脱胶与单酶脱胶相比没有显著差异。酶法脱胶显著提高了油脂得率，脱胶油磷含量降至10 mg/kg以下，可以直接与物理精炼工艺联合使用。 In order to promote the industrial application of enzymatic degumming, seven batches of crude soybean oil were degummed using PLA1 single enzyme and PLC combined with PLA1 double enzyme, and the oil yield, oil sediment yield, phosphorus content and acid value of degummed oil were determined and compared with the traditional hydration method to investigate the effect of enzymatic degumming of crude soybean oil. The results showed that enzymatic degumming significantly improved the oil yield,and the increase of oil yield was 0.86 and 1.41 pecentage points when using PLA1 single enzyme degumming and PLC combined with PLA1 double enzyme degumming respectively compared with hydration degumming,and the double enzyme degumming also showed a significant increase in oil yield compared with single enzyme degumming, with an average increase of 0.55 percentage points. The enzymatic degumming could reduce the phosphorus content of soybean oil to less than 10 mg/kg, and even to about 5 mg/kg. The oil sediment yield of enzymatic degumming was significantly lower than that of hydration method, the single and double enzyme degumming decreased by 0.72 and 1.22 pecentage points respectively, and the oil sediment yield of double enzyme degumming decreased by 0.49 pecentage points on average compared with single enzyme degumming. The acid values of the enzymatic degumming were both elevated compared with the traditional hydration method, by 0.63 mgKOH/g and 0.61 mgKOH/g for single and double enzyme degumming respectively, with no significant difference between double and single enzyme degumming. Enzymatic degumming can significantly improve the oil yield and reduce the phosphorus content in degummed oil to less than 10 mg/kg. Enzymatic degumming can be directly combined with physical refining process.