Seroprevalence and Potential Risk Factors of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in Dromedary Camels
2023
Abdelfattah Selim | Marawan A. Marawan | Abdelhamed Abdelhady | Majed H. Wakid
(1) Background: <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (<i>T. gondii</i>) is one of the most prevalent parasites to affect humans and animals; (2) Methods: From January to December 2020, using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, a cross-sectional study was conducted to establish the seroprevalence of <i>T. gondii</i> in 390 dromedary camels raised in three governorates in Egypt and to identify the potential risk factors associated with infection; (3) Results: Overall, <i>T. gondii</i> seroprevalence in camels was 46.9%. Moreover, locality, sex, age, contact with small ruminants, history of abortion, and number of parities were found as risk factors for <i>T. gondii</i> infection in univariable analysis. The seropositivity to <i>T. gondii</i> increased significantly in camels living in Marsa Matrouh (OR = 2.02), among camels of more than 8 years old (OR = 5.28). Additionally, the likelihood of acquiring <i>T. gondii</i> infection was increased in camels that had contact with small ruminants (OR = 3.85) and a history of abortion (OR = 3.84) with these having parity more than four times (OR = 17.72); (4) Conclusions: The evaluation of seroprevalence and related risk factors for <i>T. gondii</i> infection is crucial for implementing an effective control programme to minimise and control <i>T. gondii</i> infection in camels and, as a result, transmission to humans.
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