Molecular markers. Random amplified polymorphic DNA
2005
Pržulj Novo | Perović Dragan
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) markers are based on the amplification by PCR reaction of random genomic DNA segments determined by single primer consisting of about 10 arbitrary nucleotides. The primer amplifies DNA sequences in length of 0,2-2 kb that lies between two opposite-oriented copies flanked to each strand of DNA. In average sized genome between 5 and 10 amplification products can be separated by electrophoresis on agarose or polyacrylamide gels. RAPDs are usually dominant markers with polymorphisms between individuals defined as the presence or absence of a specific band. RAPD can be used for the construction of genetic linkage maps, gene tagging, identification of genotipes, assessment of genetic variation in populations and species, study of phylogenetic relationships and development of species-specific, genome-specific and chromosome-specific markers. In relation to the other molecular markers, RAPD markers are simpler, less expensive, can be used with uncharacterized genomes, there is no need for radioactive probes and require small quantities of DNA. The main disadvantages of this marker assays are poor reliability and reproducibility, and their sensitivity to experimental conditions. On the basis of RAPD technique the other molecular markers, e.g. SCAR and DAF, has developed.
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