INTENSITY OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS VARIATION OF THE SOYBEAN STARTING MATERIAL

The study of variability degree of the traits-elements of the yield structure in specific soil-climatic conditions is of great importance for the making of highly productive and yielding varieties. The variability of the plant organism is determined by the genetic predisposition and depends on the growing conditions, including the meteorological features of the growing season. To determine the maximum and minimum values of the quantitative characteristics of the initial material, we studied the oscillation coefficient (Vr). It made it possible to estimate the extreme points of fluctuations of variability relative to the mean, showed the potential for the rate of reaction of the geno-types of the introducing soybean samples under changing growing conditions. Comparative field studies of Glycine max L. populations of different origins were conducted in 2015-2016 in the Moscow region conditions and revealed different variability strength of quantitative traits and their data changes. Variation characteristics of yield structure elements were studied in the populations representing 190 soybean Russian and foreign breeding samples of 000-00 ripeness groups. We used assessment of the variation intensity according to the structural yield analysis. Using structural analysis we selected individual plants and made breeding lines with the best combination of yield structure elements. Analysis of variance defined the diversity contribution of different collection samples in total variance of each quantitative trait. We studied the variability of the following indicators: plant height, height of attachment of the lower bean, number of branches per plant, number of beans per plant, number of productive nodes, average number of beans in a node, number of seeds per plant, average number of seeds in a bean, weight of seeds per plant, weight of 1000 seeds. We identified different intensities of each variations, features by years. The suitability of soybean varieties for mechanized harvesting is largely determined by the height of the attachment of the lower bean, which directly affects crop losses. Oscillation of the attachment height of the lower bean was on average high (Vr = 170%). This feature showed a high degree of fluctuations in population limits, which indicates a significant level of influence of modification variability. Variability analysis of yield structure elements revealed the stability of the following signs of breeding samples: average number of beans in a node (Vσ = 21), average number of seeds in a bean (Vσ = 14), weight of 1000 seeds (Vσ = 28). Selection according featured promising starting material is the most rational.