Inheritance of some quantitative traits in the hybrid generations ‘Kuboyar × Gagat’

Rice is an important food for humans. In the world, for food purposes white-grain rice varieties are mainly used, but there are varieties in which kernel pericarp is of red, brown, purple or black color. Such rice is more beneficial for health promotion. The current paper has presented the results of genetic analysis of the inheritance of a number of variable quantitative traits in rice hybrid populations of the first and third generations obtained by the hybridization of the varieties ‘Kuboyar’ and ‘Gagat’. The variety ‘Kuboyar’ is medium-sized, with a compact erect panicle, an oval caryopsis and white pericarp. The variety ‘Gagat’ is tall, with a long drooping panicle, a long kernel and black pericarp. The work was carried out on the territory of the OP ‘Proletarskoe’ of the Rostov region in 2018–2020. The analysis of the inheritance of some quantitative traits that have a direct impact on the rice productivity made it possible to establish new inheritance regularities. According to the trait ‘plant height’ there has been identified partial dominance of the largest values of the trait in the hybrids F2 and F3. Allelic differences of 3 pairs of genes were identified in parental forms. The trait ‘panicle length’ showed overdominance of the trait in F2, it was absent in F3, and there were digenic differences in parental forms. The trait ‘number of spikelets per panicle’ demonstrated overdominance of large values and positive transgression. According to the trait ‘1000-grain weight’, the hybrids of both generations were split by the digenic scheme in a ratio of 1:4:6:4:1. There was no dominance in the trait ‘kernel length’; the initial varieties had differences in 2 pairs of genes. According to the trait ‘kernel width’, there was identified incomplete dominance of smaller values, and there was monohybrid split. There have been selected the best plants F3 with a black pericarp, average values of the traits ‘plant height’, ‘panicle length’, ‘1000-grain weight’ and an increased number of grains per panicle for the further breeding process.