THE VARIABILITY OF THE TRAIT «WEIGHT OF 1000 SEEDS» AS A MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY OF VEGETABLE PEA

Research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of legumes Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific center of vegetable growing" (Moscow region) in 2013-2017. The study included 22 varieties of vegetable pea, differing in the length of the growing season and a weigt of 1000 seeds. Sowing was carried out in the optimal time, repeat the experience fourfold. Seeding rate 100-110 seeds per 1 m2. The selection of seeds four times on each plot. The sign «weight of 1000 seeds» determines the grain size and is the most important in the production of canned «green peas». With the increase in grain size decreases marketability of products, increases the consumption of seeds for sowing, significantly reduces the multiplication factor, which leads to higher prices of products. Therefore, varieties with a weigt of 1000 seeds 200-220 grams are mainly used for freezing. Industry currently uses varieties characterized by an average grain size (7-10mm) and a weight of 1000 seeds less than 200 grams, promising grades with a mass of 100-140 grams. To accelerate the selection process for creating varieties with specified parameters, a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the productivity of the initial material, in particular, the weight of 1000 seeds, is needed, since samples with an average size (160-200 grams) have a low coefficient of phenotypic variability and depend on the interaction of genotype and environment, but the reaction of each genotype to the environment is specific. Work should include samples with the lowest coefficient of variability. When working with finely seeded specimens, the average level of phenotypic variability should be taken into account and, when included in the breeding process, increase the selection sample.